FPGA-Based Tensor Compressive Sensing Reconstruction Processor for Terahertz Single-Pixel Imaging Systems

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) imaging system has great potentials for material identification, security screening, circuit inspection, bioinformatics and bio-imaging because it can penetrate various non-metallic materials and inhibits unique spectral fingerprints of a great variety of optically opaque materials in our daily lives. However, THz emitters and detectors are still extremely expensive. Therefore, the single-pixel compressive sensing imaging technique becomes a potential solution for the implementation of a THz imaging system. This paper presents a tensor-based single-pixel compressive sensing model and a reconstruction algorithm for THz single-pixel imaging systems based on the generalized tensor compressive sensing framework. To accelerate the THz image reconstruction, a low-complexity 2-D compressive sensing processor based on power singular value decomposition method (2DCS-PSVD) was designed and implemented in this paper. In the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$32\times32$ </tex-math></inline-formula> single-pixel THz imaging system, the 2DCS-PSVD algorithm requires 78.9% complexity of the modified generalized tensor compressive sensing parallel algorithm (GTCS-P) with little image quality degradation. The 2DCS-PSVD processor was further designed and implemented in the Xilinx ZCU102 SOC FPGA plate-form. The proposed FPGA-based tensor-based compressive sensing processor achieved a throughput of 1127 frames/sec and had the highest normalized hardware efficiency compared to other state-of-the-art works in the literature.