FPGA implementation of dynamic channel assignment algorithm for cognitive wireless sensor networks

Abstract

The reliability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in industrial applications can be thwarted due to multipath fading, noise generated by industrial equipment or heavy machinery and particularly by the interference generated from other wireless devices operating in the same spectrum band. Recently, cognitive WSNs (CWSNs) were proposed to improve the performance and reliability of WSNs in highly interfered and noisy environments. In this class of WSN, the nodes are spectrum aware, that is, they monitor the radio spectrum to find channels available for data transmission and dynamically assign and reassign nodes to low-interference condition channels. In this work, we present the implementation of a channel assignment algorithm in a field-programmable gate array, which dynamically assigns channels to sensor nodes based on the interference and noise levels experimented in the network. From the results obtained from the performance evaluation of the CWSN when the channel assignment algorithm is considered, it is possible to identify how many channels should be available in the network in order to achieve a desired percentage of successful transmissions, subject to constraints on the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio on each active link.