Abstract
One of the main features of ultrasonic phased arrays is the ability to create an ultrasonic focused beam by applying time-delayed signals to each one of the elements of the array. If the focused beam can sweep a certain area it is possible to obtain a B-scan image. This process is called beamforming. In this work, a prototype control system for a phased array, based in a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), was conceived. The array has 30 elements and is to be used in B-scan low resolution imaging (50 × 50 pixels). Time-delayed was implemented by means of a 50 MHz oscillator, which allows a minimum delay of 20 ns. By using nine bits counters it is possible to obtain a maximum delay of 10.24 μs between control signals. The scanning sector area is 60 mm in depth and a ±30o aperture.
Highlights
The ultrasonic waves are mechanical vibrations that can propagate through many different types of materials
In ultrasonic non-destructive testing (UNDT), an ultrasonic signal is transmitted into the material to be tested, after which this signal is collected and processed to obtain information that may be related to parameters or properties of that material
One of the most often used techniques is the ultrasonic B-scan imaging. This technique combines the information obtained by a onedimensional A-scan method, related to the ultrasonic beam propagation inside the material, with a mechanical movement that produced an image parallel to the direction of propagation
Summary
The ultrasonic waves are mechanical vibrations that can propagate through many different types of materials. One of the most often used techniques is the ultrasonic B-scan imaging This technique combines the information obtained by a onedimensional A-scan method, related to the ultrasonic beam propagation inside the material, with a mechanical movement that produced an image parallel to the direction of propagation. Varying the time between a series of outgoing ultrasonic pulses in such a way that the individual wave fronts generated by each element in the array combine with each other to add or cancel energy in predictable ways that effectively steer and shape the sound beam. A way to implement the delays to be provided to each of the elements of a linear array with 30 elements, designed to obtain low resolution ultrasonic B-scan images is presented. In the proposed implementation a low cost and high scale of integration solution, based on an FPGA xc3s1000 from Xilinx, was used
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