Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf and fruit extracts of Gymnosporia montana

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Gymnosporia montana, an ethnomedicinal plant from the Celastraceae family, is known as “VIKALO” in Gujarat, which means jaundice curing. In Gujarat's tribal areas, young Vikalo leaves are gnawed to heal jaundice. The main goal of the current study was to perform a pharmacognostical assessment, which included secondary metabolite phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential analysis, and anti-inflammatory activity assessment of leaf and fruit extracts. Methanolic extraction of shade-dried leaves and fruits was followed by phytochemical studies of secondary metabolites, fractionation of the initial extracts, and FTIR analysis confirmation of a particular category of compounds with their functional groups. Additionally, the potential for anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant activity of crude extracts were evaluated using DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging techniques. The presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids was detected through phytochemical screening. Utilizing Perkin Elmer Spectrum Version 10.03.09, the FT-IR spectra of active classes of compoundsfrom leaf and fruit extracts were assessed. The antioxidant activity of an extract that has been dose-dependently enriched with flavonoid content is significantly increased in comparison to extracts enriched with alkaloids and terpenoids. All methanolic extracts were tested for anti-inflammatory activity against the standard Typhoid vaccine (25 µg/ml, 10 µl) at varying concentrations, and the results were compared to the standard. Again, the crude extracts' flavonoid-enriched fraction demonstrated a discernible decrease in antigen-specific proliferation when contrasted with the control, but no discernible effects were seen with the terpenoid and alkaloid fractions. Ultimately, this study suggests that the flavonoid-rich fraction of methanolic extract has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.