Abstract
This Letter presents a novel analysis of the action/energy density distribution around a static quark–antiquark pair in SU(3) lattice quantum chromodynamics. Using the Fourier transformation of the link variable, we remove the high-momentum gluon and extract the flux-tube component from the action/energy density. When the high-momentum gluon is removed, the statistical fluctuation is drastically suppressed, and the singularities from the quark self-energy disappear. The obtained flux-tube component is broadly distributed around the line connecting the quark and the antiquark.
Highlights
Quark confinement is one of the most significant phenomena in quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
While it has long been known that quark confinement is well described by a “string” or “flux tube”, its mechanism remains an unsolved problem [1]
Lattice QCD provides us with beneficial knowledge about quark confinement
Summary
Quark confinement is one of the most significant phenomena in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In lattice QCD, the formation of the flux tube is visualized by the analysis of the action/energy density distribution around a static quark-antiquark pair [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The spatial distribution of the action density around a static quark-antiquark pair is obtained by measuring ρ(x) around the Wilson loop at a certain time slice. The expectation value of the operator O is calculated from the link variable UμΛ (x) instead of Uμ (x); i.e., hO[U Λ ]i instead of hO[U ]i Using this framework, we analyzed the low-momentum part of the action/energy density distribution. To enhance the ground-state component, the APE smearing method is applied to the spatial link variables of the Wilson loop [11]. The gluon distribution is found to be almost independent of T in the range of T ≥ 4a in the present calculation
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