Four-dimensional flow MR imaging for evaluating treatment response after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract

To prospectively evaluate the potential of four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting treatment responses after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in cirrhoticpatients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 195 patients were classified into four groups (A-D): A, cirrhotic patients without HCC (n = 30); B, cirrhotic patients with HCC before TACE (n = 75); C, cirrhotic patients with HCC showing an incomplete response following TACE (n = 56); and D, cirrhotic patients with HCC achieving a complete response (CR) following TACE (n = 34). The patients were subjected to routine laboratory tests and 4D flow MRI using a 3-T MRI system to measure the quantitative parameters of blood flow in the portal vein (PV), splenic vein(SV), and superior mesenteric vein. The data collected by 4D flow MRI were compared among the groups using one-way analysis of variance. A multivariate analysis was performed to verify the association of clinical characteristics and 4D flow parameters with CR after TACE treatment. The average through-plane velocity, peak velocity magnitude, average net flow, peak flow, and net forward volume in the PV and SVwere significantly lower in groups B and C (P < 0.05) compared to those in group A. Moreover, average through-plane velocity and peak velocity magnitude in the PV in groups B and C were significantlylower than those in group D (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the average through-plane velocity and peak velocity magnitudein the PV were independently associated with CR in HCC patients after TACE (P < 0.05). The quantitative flow data obtained by 4D flow MRI may be useful for predicting CR after TACE in cirrhotic patients with HCC.