Abstract
Simple SummaryChinese indigenous cattle were clustered into two groups of southern and northern breeds. The populations distributed in the hot south are mainly dominated by Bos indicus, and the populations distributed in the cold north are mainly dominated by Bos taurus. Myosin-1a (MYO1A) gene is a candidate gene related to pigmentation, which may be closely related to the heat tolerance traits of cattle. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the relationship between MYO1A gene and heat tolerance in Chinese indigenous cattle. Based on the previous GWAS research related to bovine heat tolerance trait, this study aimed to explore the effect of myosin-1a (MYO1A) gene on bovine heat tolerance trait, and find the molecular markers related to the heat tolerance of Chinese cattle. In our study, four novel candidate SNPs highly conserved in B. indicus breeds but barely existed in B. taurus were identified in MYO1A gene according to Bovine Genome Variation Database and Selective Signatures (BGVD). PCR and DNA sequencing were used to genotype 1072 individuals including 34 Chinese indigenous cattle breeds as well as Angus and Indian zebu. Two synonymous mutations (rs208210464 and rs110123931), one missense mutation (rs209999142; Phe172Ser), and one intron mutation (rs135771836) were detected. The frequencies of mutant alleles of the four SNPs gradually increased from northern groups to southern groups of Chinese cattle, which was consistent with the distribution of various climatic conditions of China. Additionally, four SNPs were significantly associated with four climatic conditions including annual mean temperature (T), relative humidity (H), temperature-humidity index (THI), and average annual sunshine hours (100-cloudiness) (SR). Among these, rs209999142 and Hap 1/1 had better performance than others. Our results suggested that rs209999142 was associated with heat-tolerance trait and rs208210464, rs110123931, and rs135771836 showed high phenotypic effect on heat-tolerance trait because of the strong linkage with rs209999142. These SNPs could be used as candidates for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cattle breeding.
Highlights
Metabolic disorders, loss of appetite, slow growth, and impaired immune function may occur under heat stress, which would cause serious economic issue [1]
Four novel SNPs were detected in bovine MYO1A gene: rs208210464
Through 3D modeling of MYO1A gene, we found that it has high sequence identity with MYO7A (39.14%) and MYO5A (40.27%), respectively
Summary
Loss of appetite, slow growth, and impaired immune function may occur under heat stress, which would cause serious economic issue [1]. As the frequency and duration of heat-stress conditions increasing, projected future increases in temperature could have significant negative implications on the productivity and welfare of ruminants that play a significant role in terms of world food production [2]. Advances in environmental cooling systems ameliorate production losses during summer months, heat stress continues to cost a lot annually. Increase in solar radiation can cause the surrounding air to warm up, which could create a heat-stress problem. Heat exchange by radiation depended upon the reflective properties of the hair coat. Light-colored hair coats reflected a greater proportion of incident solar radiation than hair coats that were dark in color [3]
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