Four New Insecticidal Xanthene Derivatives from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. JY246.

Meng Bai,Cai-Juan Zheng,Xue-Ming Zhou,You-Ping Luo,Guang-Ying Chen,Xu-Hua Nong

doi:10.3390/md17120649

Abstract

Four new xanthene derivatives, penicixanthenes A–D (1–4), and one known compound 5 were isolated from a marine mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. JY246 that was obtained from the stem of Ceriops tagal. Their structures were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic data, modified Mosher’s method, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. All of the isolated compounds were examined for insecticidal activity. Compounds 2 and 3 showed growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with the IC50 values 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively, and compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed insecticidal activity against newly hatched larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 38.5 (±1.16), 11.6 (±0.58), and 20.5 (±1) μg/mL, respectively. The four xanthene derivatives have the potential to be developed as new biopesticides.

Highlights

Fungal secondary metabolites have always been considered an important source for drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities [1]
Penicillium are recognized as important producers of structurally unusual natural products, especially of terpenes with pharmaceutical potential as illustrated with chrysogenester, an anti-inflammatory meroterpenoid-type derivative [2], shearilicine, a cytotoxic indole-diterpenoid possessing a rare carbazole unit [3,4], and the penerpenes, unusual indole-terpenoids which have shown potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitory activity [5]
Compound 11 was was obtained obtained as as aa white white amorphous amorphous powder, powder, and and its its molecular molecular formula formula was was Compound 1 was obtained as a white amorphous powder, and its molecular formula was determined to be

Summary

Introduction

Fungal secondary metabolites have always been considered an important source for drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities [1]. Penicillium are recognized as important producers of structurally unusual natural products, especially of terpenes with pharmaceutical potential as illustrated with chrysogenester, an anti-inflammatory meroterpenoid-type derivative [2], shearilicine, a cytotoxic indole-diterpenoid possessing a rare carbazole unit [3,4], and the penerpenes, unusual indole-terpenoids which have shown potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitory activity [5]. Strains of Penicillium have gained considerable attention due to their ability to produce unusual secondary metabolites and have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive compounds. In our search for new bioactive compounds from fungal sources [6,8,9], the fungus Penicillium sp. JY246 was isolated from the mangrove’s stem Ceriops tagal, collected from the South China Sea

Methods

Results

Conclusion