Abstract
Time-resolved mapping of lattice dynamics in real- and momentum-space is essential to better understand several ubiquitous phenomena such as heat transport, displacive phase transition, thermal conductivity, and many more. In this regard, time-resolved diffraction and microscopy methods are employed to image the induced lattice dynamics within a pump–probe configuration. In this work, we demonstrate that inelastic scattering methods, with the aid of theoretical simulation, are competent to provide similar information as one could obtain from the time-resolved diffraction and imaging measurements. To illustrate the robustness of the proposed method, our simulated result of lattice dynamics in germanium is in excellent agreement with the time-resolved x-ray diffuse scattering measurement performed using x-ray free-electron laser. For a given inelastic scattering data in energy and momentum space, the proposed method is useful to image in-situ lattice dynamics under different environmental conditions of temperature, pressure, and magnetic field. Moreover, the technique will profoundly impact where time-resolved diffraction within the pump–probe setup is not feasible, for instance, in inelastic neutron scattering.
Highlights
Inelastic scattering of matter allows us to probe quasi-particles (QPs) such as phonons, magnons, and polarons[1,2,3,4]
To image k–t and x–t dynamics, a pump–probe setup having two ultrashort pulses, where the duration of the probe pulse must be shorter than the characteristic timescale of motion that is under probe, are required
The time-resolved x-ray and electron diffraction within a pump–probe configuration are used to image the lattice dynamics in the k–t domain[17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24], and the ultrafast electron microscopy has recently been demonstrated for the imaging in the x–t domain at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution[25,26,27]
Summary
Inelastic scattering of matter allows us to probe quasi-particles (QPs) such as phonons (quantized lattice vibrations), magnons (quantized spin excitations), and polarons[1,2,3,4]. These measurements are performed in the momentum and energy domains (k–ω), and lack information on temporal dynamics, i.e., k–t and x–t imaging – time evolution of momentum or real space coordinates which ranges from femto- to several nanoseconds[12,13]. We theoretically demonstrate that methods based on inelastic scattering are suitable to extract similar information as one could get from the time-resolved imaging of lattice dynamics in k–t or x–t domains.
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