Abstract
A medium to facilitate the exchange of value has been the sole necessity for the mere existence of currency. As the civilization moved from using metals, paper, and plastic to facilitate exchange, our requirements from a currency became refined. Some of those requirements were the prevention of counterfeiting and accountability. As the human civilization moves forward, the solution to some of the problems faced by us are discovered by humans. Cryptocurrency is a decentralized form of currency mined by computers by solving complex equations in exchange for a reward of the very same commodity. This article aims to study the major cryptocurrencies and the concept of blockchain, how they operate, how it will be affecting India, and what are the consequences of banning this form of currency. This research is carried out by evaluating white papers of Bitcoin and Ethereum (the two main cryptocurrencies of present time) along with research papers and news articles found with the help of search engines and online discussion threads.
Highlights
Walking is the most sustainable form of transportation
This analysis presents that these three themes received much attention from the literature, which demonstrates that the importance of these three themes to be examined in walkability and built environment research
Among the major problems of the international legal response to the spread of the pandemic are: the recommendatory nature of most international legal acts related to the fight against COVID-19; the lack of interest of states in informing World Health Organization (WHO) in time about the outbreak of infectious diseases for fear of losing economic benefits; arbitrary interpretation of the provisions of international acts by national governments, threatening to limit and violate human rights; restrictions on human rights of movement imposed by states were not based on scientific evidence or WHO guidance; lack of a clear funding mechanism that would allow the creation of the necessary global and national infrastructures to ensure obligations in accordance with the IHR, including assistance to the least developed countries in building their own
Summary
Walking is the most sustainable form of transportation. It is the socially equitable, economically viable and environmentally friendly mode of transportation most accessible to the masses. Advancement in transportation technology has caused the desertion of the pedestrian spaces due to the availability of primarily motorized transport. Jacobs (1961) in her book, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961)” advocated a vibrant urban life that promotes pedestrian activity. This seminal book emphasizes cities as social connector, a hub where people can enjoy each other and appreciate the vitality of the community. The results of the study revealed that social interaction factors and walkability among pedestrian environment factors positively influence a sense of community. These findings are in line with the New Urbanists’ belief that a high-quality pedestrian environment will enhance sense of community by increasing opportunities for interaction among neighbors
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