Abstract
AbstractCharacteristics of membrane fouling by organic and inorganic foulants and flux recovery by chemical cleaning were investigated in this study. Three kinds of raw water with organic matter (15 mg/L humic acid), with inorganic matter (1 mg/L Fe and 1 mg/L Mn) and a mixture of organic and inorganic matter (humic acid, Fe and Mn) were tested. The effects of Ca2+ and pH on fouling were also investigated as well as efficiency of chemical cleaning. The results showed that raw water with the mixture reduced the final flux by 10%. On the other hand, the final fluxes were reduced by 8% for inorganic matter and by 78% for organic matter. Although, FI decreased with the existence of Ca2+ in the mixture of humic acid, Fe and Mn, flux was recovered easily by backwashing because Ca formed a cake layer by chelating with humic substances. However, pre-treatment with sodium hypochlorite reduced the flux severely for raw water containing inorganic matter. Acid (2% nitric acid) and base (1% sodium hydroxide), were use...
Published Version
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