Abstract
Nanourchins are multibranched nanoparticles with unique optical properties and surface spikes. Because of their unique properties, goldnanourchins have advantages over gold nanoparticles. The most used nanourchins are gold, tungsten, carbon, vanadiumand sea urchins. The synthesis of various nanourchins and their clinical advancement are discussed in this review. ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 are discussed to facilitate understanding of advancements in nanourchins. Nanourchins have been studied for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseaseand bioimaging. The synthesis of molybdenum diselenide nanourchins and their bioconjugations are also discussed. Nanourchinscan be further explored to improve drug targeting and delivery. Researchers from several fields may contribute to the study of nanourchins as prospective nanocarriers withtarget specificity.
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