Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Quaternized Aminochitosan Membrane for Wound Dressing Applications.

Ahmed M Omer,Sally Sabra,Abdelazeem S Eltaweil,Zyta M Ziora,Mona M Agwa,Mahmoud S Abd-Elmonem,Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin,Tamer M Tamer,Randa E Khalifa

doi:10.3390/polym13152428

Abstract

Much attention has been paid to chitosan biopolymer for advanced wound dressing owing to its exceptional biological characteristics comprising biodegradability, biocompatibility and respectable antibacterial activity. This study intended to develop a new antibacterial membrane based on quaternized aminochitosan (QAMCS) derivative. Herein, aminochitosan (AMCS) derivative was quaternized by N-(2-Chloroethyl) dimethylamine hydrochloride with different ratios. The pre-fabricated membranes were characterized by several analysis tools. The results indicate that maximum surface potential of +42.2 mV was attained by QAMCS3 membrane compared with +33.6 mV for native AMCS membrane. Moreover, membranes displayed higher surface roughness (1.27 ± 0.24 μm) and higher water uptake value (237 ± 8%) for QAMCS3 compared with 0.81 ± 0.08 μm and 165 ± 6% for neat AMCS membranes. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Superior antibacterial activities with maximum inhibition values of 80–98% were accomplished by QAMCS3 membranes compared with 57–72% for AMCS membrane. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) results denote that the antibacterial activities were significantly boosted with increasing of polymeric sample concentration from 25 to 250 µg/mL. Additionally, all membranes unveiled better biocompatibility and respectable biodegradability, suggesting their possible application for advanced wound dressing.

Highlights

Over the last thirty years, immense interest of researchers has been directed to natural biopolymers and the possibility of expanding their application in various medical and pharmaceutical fields [1,2]
The highest inhibition (%) values of 98, 94, 86 and 80% were recorded by QAMCS3 membrane against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and S. aureus, respectively, while native AMCS membrane recorded maximum inhibition values in the range of 57–72%
The positive charges on the surface of quaternized aminochitosan (QAMCS) membranes were augmented and reached maximum surface potential of +42.2 mV, with an increase in the quaternized agent ratio of up to 1.06 M, which dramatically enriched its antibacterial power from 73% to 86% (QAMCS1) to maximum values ranging from 80% to 98% (QAMCS3)

Summary

Introduction

Over the last thirty years, immense interest of researchers has been directed to natural biopolymers and the possibility of expanding their application in various medical and pharmaceutical fields [1,2] This is due to their outstanding features, including nature availability, tunable biodegradability, low-cost production, biocompatibility and nontoxicity [3,4,5]. The antimicrobial activity of CS towards some microorganisms has been repressed due to the non-stop mutations of microorganisms to resist the activities of antibiotics [27] To address this shortcoming, several physicochemical modifications including grafting [28], crosslinking [29] and Schiff base formation [30], in addition to combination with bioactive molecules [31] and quaternization [32], have accompanied the native biopolymer to improve its activity against a wide-range of microorganisms. Much attention was paid to the quaternization of CS to provide water-soluble CS derivatives via the introduction of a quaternary ammonium moiety on the dissociative -OH− or primary -NH2 groups [33]

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Conclusion