Abstract
This article advocates a “glocal turn” in the religion–globalization problematic. It proposes a model of multiple glocalizations in order to analyze the historically constituted relationship between world religions and local cultures. First, the conceptual evolution from globalization to glocalization is discussed with special reference to the study of the religion. Second, the necessity for adopting the perspective of the longue durée with regard to the study of Eastern Orthodox Christianity is explained. Third, an outline of four forms of religious glocalization is proposed. Each of these forms is presented both analytically as well as through examples from the history of Eastern Christianity (from the 8th to the 21st century). It is argued that this approach offers a model for analyzing the relation between religion, culture and society that does not succumb to the Western bias inherent in the conventional narrative of western modernization and secularization.
Highlights
In this discussion, I present four forms of religious glocalization that provide a portable heuristic scheme for examining the relationship between culture and religion and, the ways in which religious formations can be seen as glocal cultural hybrids
This article argues in favor of a glocal turn in studying the relationship between religion and globalization
It extends the logic of multiple glocalizations into the historical record and proposes four forms of religious glocalization
Summary
I present four forms of religious glocalization that provide a portable heuristic scheme for examining the relationship between culture and religion and, the ways in which religious formations can be seen as glocal cultural hybrids. The relationship between historical sociology and the sociology of religion has been revitalized [2,3], and this dimension represents an increasingly significant research agenda. The relationship between glocalization and religion represents a promising new avenue of inquiry, with contributions ranging from the Americas [4,5] to Eastern Europe [6,7]. This article is structured as follows: in the opening section, an overview of the literature that addresses the relationship between religion, on the one hand, and globalization and glocalization, on the other hand, is presented. The resulting forms of glocal religion are seen as cultural hybrids that combine religious universalism and local particularism. The resulting forms of glocal religion are seen as cultural hybrids that combine religious universalism and local particularism. 1 In addition to providing a theoretical outline with regard to each of these, historical examples drawn from the history of Orthodox Christianity are offered in order to provide historical vignettes of these forms
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