Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize different forms of vigor expression and its recovery in mature trees of Lagerstroemia indica L. planted in public spaces of Irati, Brazil. After measuring the vegetative vigor (shoot growth, internode length, leaf area and leaf color), physiological vigor (chlorophyll a and b content) and flowering vigor (inflorescence width and length) in the growing season of 2016, we applied lime and fertilizers in different treatments in the portion of soil under the dripline of each tree. These treatments consisted of an increase of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents measured in the soil, based on previous soil analysis. In order to evaluate the effect of fertilization, in the growing season of 2017 we remeasured the vigor of trees. We observed that treatments with potassium and phosphate fertilization provided the highest mean values for shoot growth, the mean distance of internodes, leaf area, inflorescence width and length. The variables dark green color index and content of chlorophyll a and b were not influenced by fertilizer treatments. Our findings show that fertilizers increased the expression of all variables related to vegetative vigor of L. indica in the urban environment, except for the dark green color index. This suggests .that nutrient availability is generally a limiting factor for the urban tree’s growth. The shoot length can be used to characterize the vegetative vigor, and the inflorescence length in the evaluation of the flowering vigor.
Highlights
In the face of the characteristics of the urban environment, the benefits provided by trees can be striking
The local landscape is composed by native trees like Anadenanthera colubrina and Syagrus romanzoffiana, and exotic species like Platanus x acerifolia, Salix babylonica, Acer negundo, Tipuana tipu, and Lagerstroemia indica [15]
The treatment T5 provided the greatest expression of flowering vigor in L. indica, and is related to an increase of 100% of the potassium content in relation to treatment 1
Summary
In the face of the characteristics of the urban environment, the benefits provided by trees can be striking. Cities can influence the adaptation of trees by high levels of air pollution, increased temperatures, low relative humidity and altered rainfall regime, which can be highly different if compared to the natural ecosystems where a species occurs [2]. Adverse environmental conditions, such as limited soil volume, can reduce the growth and vigor of trees by up to 50%, which reduces the quality of ecosystem services provided along the life cycle of trees [3]. Trees that express low external quality can have internal conditions compromised
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