Forming Typical School Architecture in the USSR Depending on Educational System Development Process

Abstract

In the 20th century a design of schools in Russia was subject to critical transformations. Each of them was a response to the development of the system of a comprehensive secondary education. The architecture of school buildings also transformed and changed from the comprehensive schools for the vocational profession training to complex educational institutions with a flexible layout. The objective of the research is to identify the dependence of school architecture on the needs of the state education system. The analysis of correlation processes between the education system and volumetric&spatial composition in the architecture of school buildings (exemplified by typical projects) allows showing the architectural practice response to the education system needs. The development of the unified school architecture in the USSR is justified not only from the positions of economic profit but also from the positions of a country-wide mass school construction. A school building model was formed in typical projects and was intended for providing a necessary space for everybody. The identified interdependence of the school education system and architecture today makes it possible to develop a modern invariant for a volumetric&spatial design of a school building accessible at every Russian region. The issues of modern unification of aschool space will be considered in the future research.