FORMING OF ROOTAGES OF PEDUNCULATE OAK PLANTS IN FOREST GULTURES USING VARIOUS METHODS OF FOREST RENEWAL IN STATE ENTERPRISE "SMILA FORESTRY"

Abstract

Pedunculate Oak is the type of arboreal plants that in natural conditions have a long tap-root and widely ramified rootage. It allows it to grow both in dry and moist environments. A structure and development of arboreal plants have been investigated by the known scientists in forestry, in particular Soldatov A. G., Rahteenko I. N., Pogrebniak P. S., Pohiton P. P., Kalinin M. I., and Guz N. I. In order to research character and tendencies of height and development of rootages of Pedunculate Oak in the cultures of this arboreal type of plants using different methods of proceeding in the forest we conducted excavation of chums of this arboreal type in age from one to three years on a depth up to 1.5 m on the areas of forest cultures, that is created by sowing of acorns, landing of bare-rooted seedlings and container plants. For comparison of development of rootages of one-year Pedunculate Oak plants, that were grown according to traditional technology with root system in the nursery of Volodimirovka and one-year seedlings of Pedunculate Oak, that grew in forest cultures of the sown acorns, and also container seedlings, that were grown in the nursery of Bydianka of Smila forestry of the Tcherkasy regional department of forest and hanting we defined mass of rootages of arboreal plants in an air-dry state, that presented accordingly 2.7±0.3, 2.8±0.3 and 10.0±1.8 g. In such conditions the three-year plants of Pedunculate Oak had middle length of rootages – 124.2±12.9 cm. Rootages of three-years plants of Pedunculate Oak in forest cultures on the areas of forest renewal with the use of container planting stock comparatively with the rootages of the same age of Pedunculate Oak plants in the forest cultures that were created by bare-rooted seedlings is more fibrous and after the depth of their distribution on average presented a 126.3±21.8 cm against a 68.3±18.2 cm, at the same time, the amount of arboreal plants with the formed mainroot a container plants did not exceed their half. Digging at the root of two-year oak that grew from acorns, we found existing vertical root system with an average depth of penetration taproot 72.1± 9.2 cm, in which horizontal roots were mostly roots of the first order and second minor branching roots and third orders. In reforested areas created by planting seedlings with bare root system and grown in containers we observed well-developed fibrous root systems that were formed in the fertile layer of soil. At the same time, rootages of two-year arboreal plants of oak ordinary, that were grown in containers, comparatively with the rootages of two-year plants of this arboreal kind, planted with bare roots, were substantially more powerful. Middle length of rootages of Pedunculate Oak plants in two-year forest cultures created according to traditional technology, we fixed a 46.2±5.2 cm with indexes, and by a container planting stock are 76.2±7.8 cm. In the rootages of plants of oak ordinary on areas renewal of the forest by a planting-stock bare-rooted and grown in containers the roots of near to horizontal directions of the first, second and third orders and bulk of chums prevailed was in the epiphases of soil on half meter depth. Thus, the results of digging out of rootages of three-year plants of Pedunculate Oak in the forest cultures created by sowing of acorns showed the middle depth of rootages, and their medium-altitude above-ground part presented a 117.6±12.1 cm, that testifies to forming Pedunculate Oak of such cored rootage. Researches of three-year rootages of Pedunculate Oak in the forest cultures created according to traditional technology and with the use of container planting stock showed that part of their individuals with a dominant mainroot did not exceed halves of their amount, and the tendency of forming of rootages that was educed by the authors on second year of their life, continued to be kept.