Abstract
The article analyzes the research on the formation of the leaf surface area of spring wheat of Darya variety in different cultivation technologies on the chernozem soil of Kursk Region. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of the leaf surface of spring wheat depending on the cultivation technology and to identify the conjugate relationships of indicators under the conditions of chernozem soils of Kursk Region. The results of the conducted studies indicate that intensive cultivation technology contributes to the activation of the assimilation apparatus of leaves during the entire growing season of the crop. A high direct correlation between the leaf surface area in the Z 13 and Z 55 phases and the application of mineral fertilizers was established (r = 0.73; 0.80, respectively). At Z 25 the leaf surface area has a direct noticeable relationship with primary tillage (r = 0.51) and a moderate one with the application of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.36). The use of sugar beet tops as organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the leaf area of one plant at Z 25 and Z 55, as evidenced by a noticeable correlation (r = 0.52; 0.52, respectively). It was found that the area of the flag leaf, as well as its length and width, increased with a decrease in the density of standing plants per square meter of cropped area. The flag leaf area and width decreased depending on the height of the plants, while the length increased. The development of the flag leaf area directly affected the accumulation of dry weight of plants (r = 0.53), the formation of the total assimilation surface of plants (r = 0.72), as well as a high direct relationship with the length of the ear (r = 0.75), which in turn is closely directly correlated with the weight of grain from one ear (r = 0.70). Thus, the evidence of the direct influence of the area of the flag leaf on the formation of the crop yield is presented.
Highlights
The yield of crops is formed due to the photosynthetic activity of plants
The flag leaf area and width decreased depending on the height of the plants, while the length increased
The area of the flag leaf directly affected the accumulation of dry weight of plants (r = 0.53), the formation of the total assimilation surface of plants (r = 0.72), as well as a high direct relationship with the length of the ear (r = 0.75), which in turn was closely directly correlated with the weight of grain from one ear (r = 0.70)
Summary
The yield of crops is formed due to the photosynthetic activity of plants. The leaf apparatus and its assimilation area have a big task - to form the main generative organ during the vegetation of plants – an ear filled with fullfledged grain [1, 2]. Complex processes of plant growth and development in general depend on the size and absorption capacity of each cell of a green leaf to absorb the sun's energy in order to convert it into the energy for further growth and development of the plant as a whole [3,4,5,6]. The photosynthetic process occurring in the leaves, as well as in the stems and other green organs of plants synthesizes up to 90-95% of organic compounds in the cells [5, 7]. The viability and active functioning of the leaf apparatus depends on the rate of development and the dynamics of formation of optimal leaf surface area [1, 2]
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