Formation of the interdental papilla by surgical method

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The loss of interdental gingival papillae or the presence of black triangles between the teeth is one of the important problems in aesthetic dentistry, along with the loss of teeth and violation of the integrity of the hard tissues of the tooth. These patients have aesthetic, phonetic disorders, and it is also possible that food gets stuck between the teeth, which causes discomfort in the oral cavity and leads to periodontal diseases. Currently, an increasing percentage of people with orthopedic structures have a recession of the interdental gum. To improve the predicted result, it is necessary to approach this problem in an interdisciplinary way.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search for publications was conducted in four electronic databases: Pubmed, Google search, eLibrary and dissercat from 2006 to 2021. 157 full-text publications were analyzed, of which 40 publications were included in the systematic review.
 RESULTS: According to various studies, the restoration of the lost interdental papilla varies from 1.68 to 5 mm. Complete restoration of the interdental papilla occurs when using microsurgical methods of restoration of the interdental gum. The least injury to soft tissues leads to the best results and reduces the risk of complications.
 CONCLUSION: Restoration of the interdental papilla is a complex surgical manipulation where microsurgical instruments must be used. Any rupture or excessive injury of the isthmus of the interdental papilla leads to a violation of blood supply, which leads to necrosis of the graft and aesthetic dissatisfaction.