FORMATION OF THE ART DECORATION OF THE DUNGHUAN CAVES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS

Abstract

The influence of external factors on the formation of the figurative concept of Dunhuang wall paintings is analyzed. The purpose of the article is to highlight the processes of forming the artistic decoration of Dunhuang caves under the influence of external factors.
 The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to draw the attention of world scientists to the problem of research and preservation of the Dunhuang complex, since some of the frescoes are in a state of emergency and the exchange of experience of restorers from different countries is necessary for their preservation.
 The tasks of the study were to determine the role and significance of external factors in the activation or decline of the Dunhuang complex, and based on this to argue the dependence of the figurative concept of Dunhuang wall paintings on external factors (political, ideological, economic, social, natural and climatic).
 It is proved that the appearance of the Dunhuang Buddhist cave temple complex and the processes related to its construction were largely determined by external factors: at first, the commitment of the rulers of China to the new religion of Buddhism contributed to the activation of the process of creating new sanctuaries, and later under the influence of local philosophical and religious traditions as well as cultural and artistic preferences, there is a transformation of Buddhist fresco traditions borrowed from India, which acquires a local color in the conditions of China. It should be noted that while preserving the general canonicality of wall painting in the process of developing artistic skills, it acquires greater realism and the means of artistic expression are diversified with portraits of benefactors, scenes from their lives and landscape compositions.