FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP QUALITIES IN FUTURE TEACHERS OF HUMANITIES

Abstract

The article examines the problem of the formation of leadership qualities in future teachers of humanitarian disciplines. The purpose of the article is to define, substantiate and investigate the role of leadership in the activities of future teachers of humanitarian disciplines and to compare the opinions of future teachers and future engineers regarding leadership and the ways of its formation within the educational process of the university. In the article, methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, classification, generalization of theories of leadership, development of leadership qualities, as well as interviews of future teachers of humanitarian and technical specialities have been used to study the state of the problem of formation of leadership qualities during the professional training of future specialists. The role of humanitarian disciplines in the formation of leadership qualities and their importance for the formation of a pedagogical leader is determined. The possibilities of using the potential of humanitarian disciplines for the formation of leadership qualities of future specialists of various profiles are pointed out. Pedagogical leadership is shown as one of the qualities of a teacher, which is a characteristic of their ability to organize activities, to generate new pedagogical ideas, to have the ability to use the latest technologies in the educational process, to have a positive influence on others and knowledge how to lead them. The problem of leadership qualities of a leader is considered in different directions: scientific, educational, planning, and visionary ones. Some historical aspects of the formation and development of the doctrine of leadership, starting with Ancient Greece, which are reflected in the writings of Socrates and Xenophon, are considered. They considered military commanders as leaders. For example, the activity of Alexander the Great was considered, and one of his features was a humane attitude towards soldiers. The transition from the concept of “military commander” to the term “leader” is presented. Among the characteristic and mandatory features of leaders-commanders are “moderation, justice, insight, friendliness, presence of spirit, tact, humanity, compassion, kindness, courage, generosity, attentiveness”. It is shown that the problem of leadership began to be researched the most at the beginning of the 20th century. During this period, the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the problem of leadership, and ways of forming leadership qualities were developed. The concept of “pedagogical leader” was introduced, which reflects the general development of teachers and students, promotes the development of their professional qualities, while not forgetting about their own development, which will give them the opportunity to be a leader. These qualities ensure self-affirmation of the leader, establishment of their active position in life. It was the emergence and research of pedagogical leadership that contributed to the introduction of new learning technologies, methods, forms and means in teaching and educating students. The process begins with the preparation of future teachers, who need to be taught exactly how they can apply their leadership qualities, how much they will influence subordinates, fellow students, and the teaching staff. But future teachers need to be taught this. A survey was conducted to study the expediency of forming leadership qualities in representatives of pedagogical and engineering specialties. Analysis of the survey results has shown that students have knowledge about leadership and the leader; determine the role of this phenomenon in the professional training of a specialist. But the vision of leadership and the need for it are different for future teachers and future engineers. The future teachers answered that the teacher is obliged to be a leader, because the future of the country is under their control. The ability of specialists to make non-standard decisions, take responsibility for results, rally like-minded people around them, and creatively approach tasks depends on the formation of leadership qualities. Among future engineers, the role of a leader did not find a particular echo in their aspirations to become a specialist in their field. They adhere to the opinion that it is better to be a good, knowledgeable performer in production.