Formation of interleukin-6 in the brain of the febrile cat: relationship to interleukin-1

Abstract

Previous investigations have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6), unlike other cytokines, is produced in larger amounts in the brain of the febrile animal regardless of the route, peripheral vs. central, of pyrogen administration. In addition, depending on the experimental condition IL-6 production may or may not require the prior induction of interleukin-1 (IL-1). The present study was carried out in the conscious cat to assess the importance of brain-derived IL-6 in the pathogenesis of fever and the interaction at that site between this cytokine and IL-1. IL-6 was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at rest and its levels increased during the fever to intravenous (i.v.) endotoxin. The IL-6 elevation, but not the fever, was reversed by pretreatment with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) IL-1 receptor antagonist (hIL-1ra). Conversely, when pyrogens (endotoxin, IL-1) were given i.c.v., i.c.v. hIL-1ra reduced the fever without altering significantly the associated rise in CSF IL-6. We conclude that IL-6 is formed in brain in response to both i.v. and i.c.v. pyrogens; however, its formation, whether requiring the prior induction of IL-1 or not, does not appear to be critical for the development of the fever. Blood-borne IL-6, unlike brain-derived IL-6, may still play a role in fever as a trigger of signal-transducing mechanisms operating across the blood–brain barrier.