Abstract
The study of the ways of harmful volatile substance formation in sewerage systems, as well as a rapid and economical neutralization of these substances by construction, mechanical, physical and chemical, hydrodynamic and other methods is an urgent task that contributes to the protection of humans and the environment from toxic pollutants. The purpose of the presented studies is evaluation of the effectiveness of the impact on harmful volatile substances, through application of various methods designed to completely eliminate the conditions for the occurrence of odors harmful to human health or significantly reduce their amount to the maximum permissible concentrations in the airspace of cities. The methods have considered the description of the available ways of the odor identification by chemical and organoleptic analysis. The results provide a description of methods for blocking the formation of volatile substances. The operational works (methods of pipeline cleaning, ventilation, dosing of chemicals in waste waters) have been considered as the blocking measures, and the construction design ones (reconstruction of networks and facilities, biological, thermal, catalytic, electro-physical and other gas treatment methods) have been considered as the ways to reduce the spread of noxious odors. As a conclusion, it is noted that the complete elimination of the harmful volatile substance problem is possible by taking comprehensive measures to eliminate (minimize) the emission of gases into the environment.
Highlights
The urban sewerage systems that provide removal of the domestic wastewater are traditionally gravitational, which in some cases leads to negative consequences
The water acts as a transport medium and the air provides oxygen for the life of bacteria that are involved in the organic substance decomposition
In recent years, the Russian regulations have introduced a wider range of conditions under which it is permissible not to equip each riser with an exhaust that extends to the roof of the building
Summary
The urban sewerage systems that provide removal of the domestic wastewater are traditionally gravitational, which in some cases leads to negative consequences. The water acts as a transport medium and the air provides oxygen for the life of bacteria that are involved in the organic substance decomposition. The wastewater coming through pipelines to treatment facilities contains relatively high concentrations of organic substances, measured by chemical and biological limit concentrations, but with a limited amount of the dissolved oxygen. In the absence of oxygen and nitrates, sulfates and carbon dioxide act as the electron acceptors This leads to the reactions forming hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, volatile fatty acids and other reduced organic compounds. Decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as urea or proteins, forms ammonia, a colorless gas with a sharp smell. The smell monitoring is performed in places where odors are formed at the result of human activities and technological processes: in pressure and gravity pipelines, collectors, manholes, shafts, pumping stations and treatment facilities
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