Abstract
Although the exploration of mineral resources and industry can promote economic development, it can also threaten the resilience and well-being of the environment, health, ecosystems, and the comfort of surrounding communities. Therefore, business entities, through corporate social responsibility (CSR) or other activities, can function to balance negative impacts and strengthen sustainable development that can increase the resilience and welfare of the surrounding community. This study aims to develop a resilience model of the local farming community resilience (FCR), which supports the sustainability of agricultural development. The research will be carried out in a community in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study measures the resilience of the farmers’ community. To obtain models and instruments that are valid and reliable, the instrument is tested on 295 respondents in 10 villages adjacent to the nickel mining industry using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Out of the 17 items, five dimensions (e.g., economic, social capital, environmental, community competence, and information and communication) are proposed to measure the FCR. Thus, this work presents a complete scale development and can provide policies for governments, particularly in Indonesia. Moreover, the FCR scale might be utilized by different entities (e.g., NGOs, open experts and social group media) to determine the view of genuine clients regarding the association’s CSR execution.
Highlights
Mining projects can provide community welfare, mining activities can have an impact on community resilience for the future [1]
We present the results of the scale and measurement indicators of the farming community resilience (FCR), in measuring the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation on the surrounding community
The constructed model consists of five dimensions—namely, the dimensions of economic and social capital, as well as those of environmental and community competence, and the information and communication dimensions—and indicators using the SMART-Partial Least Square (PLS) approach
Summary
Mining projects can provide community welfare, mining activities can have an impact on community resilience for the future [1]. Several previous studies have examined the impact of mining. Hudayana and Widyanta [2], and Kurniawan, Murayama and Nishikizawa [3], determined the impact on social turmoil and environments caused by the nickel industry. Syukur [4] observed the disturbance in marine life, the turbidity of coastal waters caused by mining activities, increased incidence of soil erosion due to damage to land cover crops that resulted from land clearing activities, and the erosion of topsoil because of nickel mining activities. According to Corral, Melanie and Earle [5], large-scale mining has a negative impact on the environment. Environmental damage occurs in several aspects, Sustainability 2021, 13, 878.
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