Formation of economic properties of potato tubers depending on weather conditions

Abstract

Today in the world there are many varieties of potatoes which differ as the duration of the growing season and other characteristics. Thus, in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2016 were registered 150 varieties of potatoes, which belong to five groups of ripeness. There is a close link between period of the growing season, weather conditions potato cultivation and accumulation of reserve substances, harvest, struc­ ture of harvest, marketability [1, 2]. Therefore, the aim of our research was to determine the influence of meteoro­ logical conditions, groups of ripeness on formation economic characteristics of potato tubers.
 In our studies used potato tubers which apply to two groups of ripeness: medium-early (Satina (standard), Red Lady and Mozart) and medium-ripe (Arosa (standard), Sifra). Potatoes were grown during 2012-2014 years in conditions of “Bioteh Ltd” (Kiev region Boryspil district Gorodyshche village), which is in a zone Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
 Weather conditions in vegetation periods 2013 and 2014 compared with 2012 were the better that promoted ob­ tain higher harvest of potato tubers. On the average during three years of studies high harvest observed in the group of medium-ripe (41.1 t/ha) as opposed to 33.5 t/ha in the medium-early group.
 The analysis of potato harvest showed that the most suitable for processing French Fries are varieties Satin which dominated tubers with coarse fraction (over 55 grams) – 50.4 % from total weight and partially – Arosa (30.7% in this fraction). Other varieties had the largest part in the fraction 45-55 grams (Red Lady – 57.2%; Mozart – 42.8%, Arosa – 41.5%; Sifra – 41.6%) and are therefore suitable for processing into Chips.
 Research marketability of harvest showed that the best result for this indicator in both groups of ripeness ob­ tained in control variants: 75.2-75.3% in the medium-early and 77.9 % in the medium-ripe.