Abstract
Abiotic stress factors such as extreme temperatures or osmotic stress are among the major causes of inferior crop yields. In response to a stress, plants have evolved various defense mechanisms. In our study, we have demonstrated how cold stress, osmotic stress and a combination of both stresses retard the growth of roots and inhibit the process of ribosomes binding into polysomes. The tested stresses also limited the ability of root tissues to synthesize proteins. At the same time, most of the analyzed samples were found to contain elevated shares of the fractions of cytoskeleton-bound polysomes (CBP, CMBP) in the total population of polysomes. Using a polysome-based degradation system, it was shown that polysomes formed under stress conditions were much more resistant to the effect of exogenous ribonuclease than the control ones. The highest tolerance to digestion was demonstrated by the cytoskeleton-bound (CBP) and cytoskeleton-membrane bound polysomes (CMBP). The increasing share of CBP and their stability in roots of seeds germinating under stress conditions can be a target for physiological regulation. It seems that modifications in the stability and percentages of particular polysomal populations play an important role in the adaptation of plants to stress conditions, which may indicate that these forms of polysomes, i.e., cytoskeleton-bound ones, are involved (via selective translation) in the synthesis of stress proteins in soybean roots.
Highlights
Many commercially valuable crops today grow far away from the zones of their natural occurrence
To achieve a better distinction between the mechanisms involved in the cellular degradation of eukaryotic mRNAs, a polysome-based degradation system was developed to investigate the stability of polysomes and their particular fractions in soybean roots during seed germination under abiotic stress conditions
The initial studies concerned changes caused by abiotic stresses in roots of germinating seeds
Summary
Many commercially valuable crops today grow far away from the zones of their natural occurrence. If the binding of polysomes to the cytoskeleton is considered an additional level of protein synthesis regulation, its physiological control can be expected (Klyachko et al 2003) This means that efficiency of protein biosynthesis is guaranteed by polysomes and by elements stabilizing and regulating spatial interactions between components of the translation apparatus. It is important to consider the possibility of translational control when distinguishing between components of biotic and abiotic plant stress responses It seems that mechanisms regulating mRNA stability are as numerous as the ones involved in mRNA synthesis (Chiba and Green 2009). To achieve a better distinction between the mechanisms involved in the cellular degradation of eukaryotic mRNAs, a polysome-based degradation system was developed to investigate the stability of polysomes and their particular fractions in soybean roots during seed germination under abiotic stress conditions
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