Abstract
This research examines women's organisations of the 20th and 21st centuries in the countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. It examines the formation process and the current state of women's non-governmental organisations in Central Asia and identifies new trends and areas in the development of women's socio-political movements in the region. The research is based on theoretical and analytical works reviewing the problem of formation and development of the women's movement in Central Asian countries. The systematic approach was used, alongside the historical and comparative methods. The findings reveal the following— limited mechanisms for equalising gender imbalances in society and increasing women's political representation in the quota system; insufficiency of financial and material resources of women's non-governmental organisations, based mainly on the assistance of international organisations and foundations; lack of active political initiatives of the women's electorate; the inadequacy of the national women's idea in the countries under study, which can consolidate both women's organisations and the female population.
Highlights
For the countries of Central Asia, one of the priorities of development is the development of an effective model of public organisations, their structure and effective management
The activity of women's non-governmental organisations (NGO) and the dynamics of their development contribute to the improvement of legislation and legal mechanisms ensuring the improvement of the status of women, and to the development of a socially-oriented civil society
Its tasks include promoting women's equal access to quality education, healthcare and the labour market and strengthening the country's national capacity to report, monitor and implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and other human rights obligations of Turkmenistan related to gender equality
Summary
For the countries of Central Asia, one of the priorities of development is the development of an effective model of public organisations, their structure and effective management. Almost all the Central Asian countries have joined the main international documents on creating conditions for the gender equality development, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). The Decree of the Kyrgyz President No 369 dated August 20, 2007 adopted the second National Action Plan for achieving gender equality in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2007-2010, which was the basic document defining the state gender policy, its goals, objectives and principles, directions and priorities within the framework of the Country Development Strategy for 2007-2010. Its tasks include promoting women's equal access to quality education, healthcare and the labour market and strengthening the country's national capacity to report, monitor and implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and other human rights obligations of Turkmenistan related to gender equality. According to statistical data published in the annual Statistical Digest of Kazakhstan (Statistical Yearbook: Regions of Kazakhstan in 2016 n. d.) from 2015 to 2017, there was an is less mobile and less socially-active due to poor access to internet resources, insufficient information policy, and higher engagement in domestic problems
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