Abstract
The base of the Quaternary System is formally defined for the first time at the base of the Gelasian Stage as defined by the Global Boundary-Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at San Nicola, Sicily, Italy; the Pleistocene Series is extended downwards to coincide with the base the Gelasian Stage; accordingly, the Gelasian Stage is transferred from the Pliocene Series and Neogene System to the Pleistocene Series and Quaternary System. Ratification by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) of these recommendations from the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) followed established procedures of extended, open discussion and deliberation of submitted proposals, and formal voting by the relevant ICS Subcommissions, the ICS Voting Membership, and the IUGS EC. They are now established as global standards.
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