Formal conditions for unambiguous residual strain determination by CBED

Abstract

The method of residual strain determination using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) is attractive because of its good spatial resolution. However, attempts to obtain all six independent strain components from a CBED pattern lead to ambiguous results. This paper contains analysis of the ambiguities based on the complete algorithm for matching experimental and strain-dependent simulated CBED patterns. The strain parameters which are not determinable by the CBED method are identified by examination of the most common goodness-of-fit functions. The indeterminable parameters are confirmed to be the ‘13’ and ‘23’ components and a combination of the diagonal components of the tensor given in the Cartesian systems having the ‘3’ axis parallel to the beam direction. The ambiguity can be eliminated based on multiple diffraction patterns. It is shown that two different patterns may be insufficient to get a unique strain tensor. The ambiguity can be removed only if certain characteristics of the two patterns are different, or if more than two patterns are used.