Forensic Studies on Spent Catalytic Converters to Examine the Effect of Diesel and B100 Pongamia Biodiesel on Emissions

N Manjunath,J Venkatesh,Vineet Tirth,C R Rajashekhar,T M Yunus Khan,Irfan Anjum Badruddin

doi:10.3390/su131910729

Abstract

The ever-increasing demand for transport is sustained by fossil fuel-based internal combustion (IC) engines fitted with catalytic converters (CCs) while alternative options and fuels are still emerging. Biodiesel seems to be a potential alternate to diesel, but the formation of NOx and smoke are major issues. This study aimed to explore the effect of B100 Pongamia biodiesel on the performance of CCs and to assist the designers of compression ignition engines. This study included a comparison of deposits on the catalytic converter (CC) in the cases of diesel fuel and biodiesel. Forensic examination of the spent CCs after 250 h was performed by characterization using SEM/EDS. The amount and composition of the deposits were compared for the diesel and biodiesel, and the effectiveness of the CC. The study revealed that the efficiency of the CC increased in biodiesel. The amount of soot and deposits was greater at the engine side of the spent CC with diesel, including the atomic percentage (At. %) of C, while the minimum deposits and C At. % in the spent CC were at the exhaust side with biodiesel. Oxygen content in the deposits was greater in biodiesel. The efficiency and effectiveness of the CC increased with the biodiesel.

Highlights

Internal combustion (IC) engines rule the automotive sector due to their favorable energy efficiency, reliability, and durability
Characterization studies on spent catalytic converters (CCs) working on diesel and B100 Pongamia biodiesel using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)/EDS revealed that the deposition in biodiesel mode was greater than in diesel mode
In the exhaust emission of the Pongamia biodiesel, water molecules were greater, which led to deposition of more suite particles in the square channel of the ceramic bed

Summary

Introduction

Internal combustion (IC) engines rule the automotive sector due to their favorable energy efficiency, reliability, and durability. Their demand is large across the globe and is continuously increasing [1]. The world needs nearly 4.8 billion liters of diesel as well as gasoline each day These fuels will continue to grow at an average growth of around 1% annually even though gas and renewable fuels are the fastest growing sources of energy [2]. Most of the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx ), particulate matter (PM), and soot formation are the result of combustion of fossil fuels originating from gasoline and diesel engines [6].

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion