Abstract
Information about the differential diagnosis of human bodily injuries, which were formed when the body, wheel and bottom of a modern car came into contact with the body of a pedestrian; a person on the road surface, in the cabin of a modern car (driver and passengers), when a cyclist comes into contact with a car, in cases of combined types of car injury, is not enough. The purpose of the study is to increase the objectivity of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of accidents: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. The archival materials of 130 forensic medical examinations of the municipal institution “Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination” concerning victims of living persons and corpses as a result of traffic accidents that were accompanied by their injuries in the period 2015-2020 were used. The following research methods were used: anthropometric, morphometric, photographic, radiological, statistical. The article presents our own experience of improving the objectivity and provability of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of vehicle: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. It is proved that according to the degree of gravity of physical injuries (health disorder or disability), damage to the dental apparatus in traffic accidents should be investigated only in cases of isolated injuries. In this case, fractures of the jaws, regardless of their nature, should be assessed as moderate injuries according to the criterion of long-term health disorders; Crown fractures, traumatic tooth dislocations, and soft tissue fatal wounds should be considered simple injuries that have caused short-term health disorders. Abrasions, bruises should be attributed to simple injuries. Thus, it is impractical to separately determine the severity of the injury of the dental system in cases run over the head with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle - in these cases, we always deal with gross, massive destruction of the bones of the skull.
Highlights
Traffic injuries are one of the most pressing problems of today, because, according to official statistics of the SAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, every day there are an average of 477 traffic accidents in which about 12 people die and about 100 people are injured. the number of people killed in road accidents in Ukraine fluctuated annually within 4 thousand people [13]
The objects of the study were archival materials of the municipal institution "Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination" for 2015-2020, namely: 1) 30 "Expert Conclusions" on traffic accidents that were accompanied by injuries and deaths; 2) 73 "Expert conclusions" on traffic accidents that were accompanied by injuries to survivors; 3) 20 "Expert conclusions"
Total directly "at the section table"; b - photographic images of the relevant damage; c - schematic images of injuries of the dental apparatus in the victims, which were made by an expert who performed a forensic autopsy; d - the results made by the expert who carried out autopsy of the corpse of the victim in traffic accident
Summary
Traffic injuries are one of the most pressing problems of today, because, according to official statistics of the SAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, every day there are an average of 477 traffic accidents in which about 12 people die and about 100 people are injured. the number of people killed in road accidents in Ukraine fluctuated annually within 4 thousand people [13]. Traffic injuries are one of the most pressing problems of today, because, according to official statistics of the SAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, every day there are an average of 477 traffic accidents in which about 12 people die and about 100 people are injured. The most important objects of study in performing such examinations are the victims (corpses or living persons). In the study of injuries in victims of traffic accidents traditionally paid attention primarily to damage to the lower extremities (due to the action of the car bumper), torso, skull bones and brain [5, 6, 10, 15, 17, 19, 26]. The assessment of such injuries by their severity is extremely important, especially in situations where injuries in victims are limited to damage to the bones of the facial skeleton [16, 26]
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