Abstract
Mining activities, particularly at shallow depths, create heavy environmental impact that causes irreversible changes in the environment’s properties, structure and so on. Such unnatural interference frequently makes the environment unusable to an extent in future. It is known that exhaustion of stratified deposits causes notable subsidence of earth surface that may destroy structures, and interrupt the mode of water flows both on surface and underground. To describe the parameters of earth surface subsidence trough under the impact of underground mining of stratified deposits, this paper uses a three-parameter function expressed with the Gauss probability integral. We also propose a numerical algorithm to find the function’s parameters based on the values of vertical shift of reference points, measured in situ with benchmark stations. The algorithm is based on the least-squares method, while the minimum value of the respective functionality discrepancies are found with random search. Analysis of the specifics of the function proper helped to propose an approximated method to find its parameters. The paper compares approximating curves produced by both methods, with field measurements.
Highlights
Mining activities, at shallow depths, create heavy environmental impact that causes irreversible changes in the environment’s properties, structure and so on
Forecast of earth surface deformations caused by underground mining is today a highly relevant problem yet to be resolved
Evaluated nature of future surface shifts depending on the planned development of underground mining can greatly reduce the damage to above-ground infrastructure, including buildings, roads, pipelines, and other assets that happen to be shifting trough
Summary
Forecast of earth surface deformations caused by underground mining is today a highly relevant problem yet to be resolved. Since the middle of the 19th century when the issue was added to the order of business, researchers have proposed and designed a plethora of methods and ways to address the task, based both on the purely empirical approach and on the academic approach related to various mechanical and mathematical models of the rock mass [1] Each such method is usable to an extent within the existing constraints, which are not clearly defined. Let us assume that we know the following values found experimentally during field measurements: 3⁄4 location of observatory reference points, described by distance xi along the preset distance from a certain zero point that is frequently but necessarily congruent with the trough center (i =1, 2, ..., N, N – number of reference points on the profile line); 3⁄4 values of earth surface subsidence Ki at locations of reference points; 3⁄4 mining parameters, namely: 1.
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