FORCED MIGRATIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE: A HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE OF THE XX–XXI CENTURIES AND MODERN CHALLENGES

Abstract

Problem Statement and Purpose. A large-scale war started by Russia against the population of Ukraine has been going on for more than a year and a half. This occurs before a significant decrease in the demographic potential of the country: a decrease in the birth rate due to the postponement of births, a high mortality rate among the losses of the military and civilian population. Today, the protection of the civilian population is one of the key goals of the state and its international partners. In 1923, the "Declaration of the Rights of the Child" was adopted, and in 1948, the UN approved the "Declaration of Human Rights". Today, according to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, there are more than nine international human rights documents and several optional protocols that should guarantee the safety of the population of Ukraine. Based on the above, the purpose of the work is to analyze and describe the causes and stages of forced migrations of the Ukrainian people in the XX–XXI centuries. The object of the study is the process of forced migrations and deportations of Ukrainians of the XX–XXI centuries. The subject of the study is the causes, factors and events that led to the activation of the forced displacement of the Ukrainian people. Data & Methods. The migration process is related to influencing factors. The only thing that is different about every migration movement is the reasons that make people move. In peacetime, the main reason for moving is economic and socialissues, when a person dares to move in search of better wages and social comfort. such a manifestation of migration is painless for society. The object of the research is the process of forced migrations and deportations of Ukrainians in the XX–XXI centuries. The subject of the study is the causes, factors and events that led to the intensification of the forced resettlement of the Ukrainian people. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were solved: To substantiate the essence of the concept of forced migration and the reasons for its occurrence. Summarize and chronologically systematize the stages of forced migrations and deportations of Ukrainians of the 20th‑21st centuries. To analyze the causes and consequences of the displacement of the population of Ukraine as a result of the current displacements due to the war. Results. Population is one of the main criteria for the formation of statehood. Consequences of forced displacement for Ukraine and its population: severing the mental ties of the future generation with the Motherland; artificial reduction of speakers of the "Ukrainian language", which are the code of the nation; formation of a psychological barrier between abducted children and their parents, loss of family integrity; artificial redistribution of the population by region, as the Russians, occupying the territory, relocate their residents, who begin to integrate into Ukrainian society, which continues to live under occupation; loss of personal benefits and social tension in the new society, destruction of families and isolation; geopolitical consequences in the form of changes in international migration, which will affect stability in the region even more; due to Russia's military actions, millions of economically active population left Ukraine, which will greatly affect its recovery if there is no quality program for the return of this group of people to Ukraine. Today, the most important thing is the victory of Ukraine and the beginning of the restoration of our country, the liberation of its territories from occupation, the creation of reliable security guarantees from world partners for the future, so that millions of Ukrainians are not forced to experience the current events again. About 60% of IDPs need to completely restore or repair their homes, 30% of Ukraine's infrastructure has been completely destroyed, and 10% is subject to restoration. Today, the state has created a plan for the recovery of Ukraine, where a number of world leaders in their region will help rebuild our cities and help millions of Ukrainians return home.