Food security and innovative solutions in crop production

Abstract

Global food and energy crises, rational land use, and environmental conservation are urgent problems in the world that determine the existence of human civilisation. The success of solving certain problems requires significant changes and innovative decisions in various production areas and in agriculture in particular. The purpose of the study is to analytically review data on food and energy security, rational use of crop production, problems and innovations in crop production, and identify ways to solve them. When preparing the paper, general scientific research methods were used: analysis and synthesis; system analysis, abstraction and concretisation, interpretation and generalisation of data. Sources for the preparation of the paper were reports of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations of the US Department of Agriculture, statistical databases, and scientific sources. The political crisis in the world, population growth, changing consumption patterns, and climate change are driving the level of production and growing demand for crop production. Stabilisation and controlled production, innovations in crop cultivation technologies, land use efficiency, and environmental protection are mutually conditioned and require a comprehensive solution. Global changes in the use of plant material, where in addition to the traditional areas – food, fodder, technical processing – a powerful consumer, bioenergy, has emerged, causing increasing problems. Gas emission, conservation and restoration of plant biodiversity, and ecosystem protection are also pressing issues. Innovative technologies in crop production consider the need to preserve the biodiversity of plants and soil, the efficiency of using CO2, the latest forms of fertilisers, in particular, nanofertilisers, which provide for targeted, prolonged, regulated use of batteries, minimisation of losses; energy efficiency of technologies, and require constant improvement. These innovative ways of optimising crop production are important for practitioners who can use the proposed solutions in technological processes