Abstract
Our study aimed to describe the association between food patterns and gender, parental education, physical activity, sleeping and obesity in 1976 children aged 5−10 years old. Dietary intake was measured by a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire; body mass index was calculated and categorized according to the IOTF classification. Factor analysis and generalized linear models were applied to identify food patterns and their associations. TV viewing and male gender were significant positive predictors for fast-food, sugar sweetened beverages and pastry pattern, while a higher level of maternal education and longer sleeping duration were positively associated with a dietary patterns that included fruit and vegetables.
Highlights
IntroductionSome studies have described the linkages between health or disease and children’s diet, in terms of food groups (e.g., fruit and vegetables [1]) or the content of single nutrients (e.g., calcium [2] or fibre [3]), or single foods [4]
Some studies have described the linkages between health or disease and children’s diet, in terms of food groups or the content of single nutrients, or single foods [4]
This study showed that sleep duration, maternal education and the practice of sports activities were positively associated with dietary patterns mainly characterized by foods of plant origin
Summary
Some studies have described the linkages between health or disease and children’s diet, in terms of food groups (e.g., fruit and vegetables [1]) or the content of single nutrients (e.g., calcium [2] or fibre [3]), or single foods [4]. Given the complexity of the relationships between intakes of various nutrients, bioactive components or foods, results describing the effects of consumption of single nutrients or foods on a given health outcome may be misleading. To overcome these limitations, food pattern analysis is studied as it considers the combinations of foods. Some studies have aggregated foods and lifestyle behaviors in different patterns [6,7], evidence about the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors, physical activity, sleeping, and obesity in children is scarce [6,7,8,9,10]. The recognition of food patterns in the population and their possible relations with lifestyle variables could provide a useful basis for developing, monitoring and targeting food and nutrition policy for school children
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