Food Components Characteristics of the Muscles and Roes of Smooth Lumpsucker Aptocyclus ventricosus and Korai Bikunin Liparis ingens from the East Sea, Korea

This study is aimed to analyze the change of chinese fishing vessels` entry into the East Sea off North Korea and suggest directions for countermeasures. Based on the real landing data in China, Chinese fishing vessels` squid catch volume and value in the East Sea off North Korea are estimated. Results show that at least 205 thousand tons of squid was caught by Chinese fishing vessels in 2014. If the catch amount is calculated by the unit price per kilogram at the same year in Korea, it would be 556.3 billion KRW. As the UN sanctions become stricter with the recent resolution 2371 passed, Chinese fishing vessels` entry may increase in the future to compensate decreased seafood supply from North Korea. Even though there are not many options left for Korea to decrease the impact of Chinese depletive fishing, the study suggests countermeasures such as strengthening cooperative crack down on the Chinese illegal fishing vessels in Korean waters; increasing cooperation with UN member countries to incorporate banning the trade of fishing rights in the next UN sanctions; establishing regional fisheries management organization and managing migratory species with China and Japan cooperatively in the long term.

Modern Western history was in an age of light from Dante Alighieri to Albert Einstein. Modern astrophysics discovered that the secret of space lies not in stars emitting light but in the dark space between them, that is, darkness itself. The majority of the Park's tourists are individuals whose family members live in North Korea and they are neither interested in the South's criticism of the North nor the North's backbiting vis-a-vis the South. For them, the tourist telescopes at Kosŏng Unification Observatory make them feel homesick for their hometown in North Korea more than anything else. Korea's regions have traditionally been power bases between which dialog tends to become unilateral since mutual recognition and treating the other as an equal are not a given. Information from the East Sea is controlled by the US military, not by South Korean or Japanese military forces. Keywords: East Sea; Japanese military forces; Korea; Kosŏng; US military

We investigated temporal and depth-related variation in species composition and abundance of the fish assemblage in the southern East Sea. Fish samples were collected seasonally between 2007 and 2008 using a demersal trawl off the southern coast of Korea. We identified 59 fish species belonging to 4...

Hypertension is a well-known global and social health problem affecting all-cause mortality significantly. It is strongly associated with the risk of heart attack, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke and liver disease. The relationship between muscle mass and a diagnosis of hypertension in a sample of Korean adults (N=225)was investigated. The participants included adults aged >20 years who visited the S-gu Public Health Centre, Seoul, Korea for a medical check-up in 2011. The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure VII defined hypertension as blood pressure >140/90 mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4% in the present study. The association between muscle mass quartiles was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The presence of hypertension was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for BMI and self-reported personal demographic and lifestyle information. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for each of the quartiles compared to the very low muscle mass quartile were:0.617 (0.190–2.004, p=0.422) for low muscle mass;2.564 (0.873–7.531, p=0.087) for high muscle mass; and 2.975 (0.893–9.907, p=0.076) for very high muscle mass. These results indicated that muscle mass was not associated with a single measurement of hypertension in this sample.

Characteristics and Paleoceanographic Implications of Grain-size Distributions of Biogenic Components in Sediments from the South Korea Plateau (East Sea)

Tidal Computation of the East China Sea. The Yellow Sea and the East Sea

Kim, D.S., Hong, S.J and Park, H.S., 2013. Analysis of evacuation system on tsunami disaster prevention in Korea.The purpose of this study is to develop tsunami hazard maps by analyzing the coastal inundation characteristics on the eastern coast of Korea. The Korean peninsula is mistakenly considered to be a country safe from tsunamis as it is located next to Japanese islands which are believed to act as a barrier in various disaster situations. However, in reality, it is rather disaster-prone as it is located in the seismic zone along the western coast of Japan in the East Sea. To date, five tsunamis have affected Korea, including the Kanpo tsunami in 1741, the Shankotan tsunami in 1940, the Niigata tsunami in 1964, the Central East Sea tsunami in 1983, and the Hokkaido south western tsunami in 1993, of which the Central East Sea tsunami and Hokkaido south western tsunami resulted in casualties and caused property damages, especially in the Gangwon province. In this study, future tsunamis with a high probability of occurrence are investigated through an analysis of the seismic zone in the East Sea. For the analysis, hypothetical tsunami scenarios are developed to examine the inundation characteristics and create tsunami hazard maps of the eastern coast of Korea; tsunami inundation characteristics are analyzed for the subject areas based on the numerical simulation results using different scenarios. According to the analysis, tsunamis tend to land in the eastern coastal areas of the Korea peninsula due to bathymetric features of the East Sea. Furthermore, tsunami heights are calculated to be up to twelve meters above mean sea level (MSL). Finally, the tsunami hazard maps are developed based on the inundation analyses of the study areas. By developing tsunami hazard maps, inundation areas, evacuation routes, and shelters can be easily predicted, established, and selected. In non-emergency situations, tsunami hazard map can be used for education and promotion purposes and as a reference for risk assessment and disaster prediction.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the mineralogical characteristics of the core sediments (03GHP-02 and HB13-2), obtained from the Ulleung Basin and Hupo Basin, Korea. The results on mineral compositions, clay mineral compositions, and the total contents and sequential extraction of different fractions of the phosphorus in core samples showed that those values are different in two cores and also at different depths. In both samples, mineral compositions were the same, composed mainly of quartz, microcline, albite, calcite, opal A, pyrite, and clay minerals (illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and smectite). However, the sample from Hupo Basin contains more opal A. Both samples, especially the ones from Hupo Basin contains more smectite than those reported from East Sea, indicating the influence of paleo-Hwangwei River and the Tertiary Formation of Korea Peninsula. For the samples from Uleung Basin, at 0.7-3.5 m range in depth, the low content of opal A and the low illite crystallinity index can be inferred to indicate the relatively cool climate, corresponding to the ice age. Also, the content of total phosphorus was low in those samples. It was reported that East Sea at that time was isolated from the neighboring seas due to the decrease of the sea level, and as a result, the influx of sediments was supposed to be little through the strait and rivers. For the samples from Hupo Basin, there is no significant changes in clay mineral composition and the distribution of phosphorus with increasing depth. This little change can be interpreted to indicate that the sediments comprising the core might be deposited in a relatively short period of time or deposited in sedimentary environment in which there`s no significant changes in sediment supplies. The values of crystallinity index of clay minerals are high in those samples, indicating that it was relatively warm during that time. Although the increase of fluctuation pattern can be observed, showing that the climate of this period often changed, it is supposed that it was generally warm.

This article aims to assess the progress of the ROK-Japan security cooperation in recent years, both in the bilateral and trilateral framework involving the United States. It argues that the unprecedented progress in North Korea’s nuclear program, along with a constant U.S. persuasion, led to a certain political convergence to allow and accompany the security cooperation. This said, political mistrust, asymmetric expectations and diverging perspectives still persist, explaining why the cooperation is mainly taking place within the trilateral framework. Nevertheless, the latest set of dialogue, exchanges and joint exercises did build up confidence and highlighted the benefit of an expanded cooperation while pushing the two countries to seriously consider the concrete issues, conditions and implications of such cooperation. The paper concludes that the recent progress in the security cooperation is still fragile and dependent on external factors, even if it is pointing to a greater understanding.

We compared characteristic lesions occurring in chickens and domestic ducks naturally infected with H5N1 HPAI virus in April and May 2008. Infected chickens generally exhibited pale-green, watery diarrhoea, depression, neurological signs and cyanosis of wattles and combs, and infected ducks generally exhibited neurological signs and watery diarrhoea. Gross petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhage affected the heart, proventriculus, liver, muscle, fat, and pancreas in chickens, and muscle in ducks. Necrotic foci were primarily present in the pancreas of both species and in the heart of domestic ducks. Histopathologically, chickens exhibited multifocal encephalomalacia, multifocal lymphohistiocytic myocarditis, multifocal necrotic pancreatitis and haemorrhage of several organs and tissues; ducks exhibited lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis with multifocal haemorrhages, multifocal necrotic pancreatitis, and severe necrotic myocarditis with mineralisation. The characteristic histopathologic findings of 2008 HPAI were multifocal encephalomalacia and necrotic pancreatitis accompanied by lymphohistiocytic myocarditis, and haemorrhage in various organs and tissues in chickens, whereas in ducks, they were severe necrotic myocarditis with mineralisation and necrotic pancreatitis, accompanied with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis. The high mortality of domestic ducks may be intimately associated with heart failure resulting from increased H5N1 HPAI viral cardiotropism.

Factors Influencing Health related Quality of Life in Older Women with Low Muscle Strength in Korea: The Convergence Study Using 7 th KNHANES

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important factors increasing the mortality and the mobility in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). There are a limited number of studies of pediatric patients with CRF regarding the response to double doses and protection rates. In this study, our aim was to compare the antibody levels and the respond rates to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children with chronic renal failure (CRF). Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 36 children were included, who were in follow-up with a diagnosis of CRF, with a negative HBV serology and inadequate protective antibody levels. Prior to the vaccination program, HBV serologic tests and liver transaminase measurements were done in all patients. Patients under 11 years of age were administered 20 mcg, and patients older than 11 years were given 40 mcg of third generation recombinant DNA vaccine Euvax-B (LG Chemical Ltd.-Berk, Seoul-South Korea), into the deltoid muscle at months 0, 1 and 6. After vaccination, antiHBs levels were determined at the 1st, the 3rd, the 7th and the 12th months. A antiHBs level of ≥10 mlU/L was considered protective. Protection against hepatitis B infection as the ratio of ≥ 10 mIU / L. Analysis of variance, chi-square and T-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: There were 21 female and 15 male patients. The mean age was 14.02 ± 4.2 years. Of all the patients, 11were at predialysis stage, 20 had continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and 5 patients were treated with hemodialysis. In all groups of patients; protection rates of 58% in the 1st month, 92% in the 3rd month, 92% in the 7th month, 97% in the 12th month were achieved. The average vaccination antibody levels in all patients, according to the months were 210 mIU / L, 289 mIU / L, 336 mIU / L, and 336 mIU / L, respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of gender, protection rates and antibody titers (p> 0.05). The protection rate was found to be 67% in three patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.The vaccination program was implemented in 18 patients who were on EPO treatment (Table 2). In these patients, the protective ratio was 83% and 94%, at 1 and 3 months, and 100% at 7 and 12 months. All patients with EPO treatment had an adequate antibody response. Conclusion: In our study, although the relative antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine was related to the immune regulation in pediatric patients with CRF, it did not seem to have a relationship with the type of dialysis. In addition, in the first year post-vaccination with a double dose, adequate antibody levels and level of protection is achieved in a substantial proportion of patients.

The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) prepares a preliminary agricultural outlook on world agricultural production, consumption, and trade every fall. This is followed by an outside review, re-evaluation of projections, and completion of the final baseline in January. The FAPRI 2000 World Agricultural Outlook presents these final projections for world agricultural markets. A companion volume, the FAPRI 2000 U.S. Agricultural Outlook, presents the U.S. component of the baseline. FAPRI projections assume average weather patterns worldwide, existing policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements. FAPRI projections do not include conjectures on potential policy changes, such as those resulting from the likely eastward enlargement of the European Union (EU). The baseline predicts recovery of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade, but with remaining price weakness for crops. Stock-to-use ratios in world crop markets remain high despite the strong recovery of Asian and Latin American economies. Above-average yields kept world production high relative to demand in 1999. In contrast, pork and beef prices are increasing significantly above their 1999 level. The physical volume of U.S. agricultural exports is projected to reverse the downward trend of fiscal year (FY) 1999, whereas the value of agricultural exports continue to decline for one more year before recovering because of low crop prices in 2000/01. World crop trade is projected to increase by 55 million metric tons (mmt) in the coming decade, with the United States capturing 49 percent of the expanded market, but still unable to increase its market share by a large percentage. Following this expansion of the market, grain prices increase by 35 percent in the projection period, but still stay well below the peak of 1995/96. The increase in world crop trade reflects the increasing specialization occurring in world agriculture. Increased market access and land scarcity in many Asian economies induce them to import grains and oilseeds to meet their feed demand. Developing Asia remains the fastest growing market for corn in the next decade. With implementation of Agenda 2000 reforms, the EU will reduce its wheat domestic price relative to the world price and will export wheat without subsidies after 2004, constraining gains in market shares for the United States. EU barley exports will expand significantly in the coming years but are likely to be constrained by General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) commitments on export subsidies after 2004. World meat trade will increase by 31 percent over the next decade. The United States has become a competitive producer and exporter of meat products. In the coming decade, the United States will experience the largest meat export growth rates among major exporters of beef, pork, and broilers. U.S. exporters capture more than 70 percent of the growth in trade, increasing their share of the combined meat markets from 23 percent in 1999 to 37 percent in 2009. Meat imports are recovering and expanding rapidly in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. In Japan, the share of imports in consumption increases from 38 percent in the 1990s to 49 percent at the end of the next decade. Taiwan meat imports will triple from 1990-1999 levels to 2000-2009 levels, driven by imports of beef, non muscle pork products, and the opening of the poultry market. Recovery of Asian food demand will prompt dairy prices to grow by about 1 percent per year over the next decade. Total milk production is projected to increase, with particularly strong growth in the United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. Most of the growth occurs through yield increases. Per capita cheese consumption is expected to grow by 1 to 2 percent a year in most countries.

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are playing pivotal role in monitoring the effect ofenvironmental pollution on the ecosystem based on the retrospective analysis of therepresentative samples collected regularly and stored in cryogenic condition. In Korea, NationalEnvironmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009 and the standard operatingprocedures (SOPs) for sampling, and cryogenic milling and storage had been prepared during2007-2010. Since then, the tentative SOPs for the seven kinds of specimens (shoots of Red Pine( Pinus densiflora ) and Korean Pine ( Pinus koraiensis ), leaves of Mongolian Oak ( Quercusmongolica ) and Zelkova Tree ( Zelkova serrata ), eggs of Feral Pigeon ( Columba livia var. domestica ),muscles and organs of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), and Freshwater Bivalve ( Unio ( Nodularia ) douglasiae )) have been put to test in the field and laboratory as well against thepracticality and feasibility. The SOPs were improved by reflecting the findings from theresearch and the following discussion regarding the selection of specimen (Feral Pigeonsuffering from a control management), sample size (a problem of decreasing number ofsampling trees related to increasing sampling time) and period (a problem related to a budgrowth), and sampling methods etc.. In addition, barcoding system for the management of thespecimen information, and monitoring system of the cryogenic storage to regulate the optimumtemperature and the liquid nitrogen level were also developed for the efficient and effectivecontrol of the samples. Lastly, the safety guide and emergency protocol were augmented to

Background : Issues about job stress is more popular in the world currently. Not just for Japan, Korea and Taiwan, but also an important issue in EU countries, especially the UK and Finland Increase of awareness about job stress effects on work performance, productivity and mental health is as one reason of the phenomenon. Objective : The present study aimed to explore the issue of job stress in Japan for the reference of good practices to Indonesia. Methods : This study, based on observational studies in the period of September-December in year 2010 in Tokyo, Kawasaki and Kitakyushu Japan. Observations on Japanese Company and discussions with experts, such as: occupational physician of Riken Company, experts from: Tokyo University and Tokyo University’s occupational physician, Department of ergonomics, the Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences UOEH (University of Occupational and Environmental Health), Institute for Science of Labor, and researcher of Japan NIOSH. Two stress management training and occupational mental health’ application program were observed in the period of October-December. Result : The trend of current occupational mental health research in Japan has being moved from job stress to more advanced issues of work engagement and work-life balance. There are three approaches to prevention of job stress. Considering the three approach could improve of worker productivity and well-being. The training for Tokyo University’s staffs was as one session of individual-oriented stress prevention approach. It was conducted in very interactive class lecture. During 2 hours session, the participants learned some knowledge about job stress and its risk factors, exercised to construct better cognitive for stress prevention and productivity, practiced of progressive muscle relaxation technique, group work, did some home works and filled an evaluation sheet after the session was finish. We also observed the occupational mental health program at Riken Company that was covered of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of occupational mental health program of workers mostly on job stress issue. Conclusion : It was concluded that although many efforts has made to anticipate the problem of job stress in Japan, it is still need further studies to find the most appropriate instruments for the indicator of job stress and methods of intervention which are most effective for employees and company, as well as general improvement for well-being of workers and their family as they are a part of community.