Following the fate of murine epidermal stem cells in a syngeneic dermal equivalent in vivo

Abstract

Background Stem cells in healthy epidermis have the capacity to produce structures, such as interfollicular epidermis, hair follicle, and sebaceous glands. Embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced to differentiate into epidermal stem cells in vitro. These ESCs (epidermal or epidermoid stem cells derived from ES cells) have the potential to be an ideal replacement of those stem cells destroyed in severe injury, such as in deep and extensive burn. The aim of this study was to follow the fate of murine ESCs which were seeded in a syngeneic dermal equivalent and implanted into syngeneic recipient mice subcutaneously. Methods ES cells were induced in vitro to differentiate into ESCs. Stained with a fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, these ESCs were seeded into a fibroblast–collagen–gelatin sponge complex, functioning as a dermal equivalent model, and then implanted subcutaneously into 129/J mice, which were syngeneic to these stem cells. Results These ESCs were clearly visible in the implant by fluorescent microscopy 3 weeks or longer after implantation. These cells remained viable, differentiating into hair follicle-like structures, glandular structures, and gave rise to additional structures resembling native dermis. A number of markers were expressed in the differentiated structures, including CD29 (integrin β1 subunit) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18). No apparent rejection or severe side effects were observed at least during the 10 weeks following implantation. Conclusions Now that ESCs can survive in vivo in this dermal equivalent model and differentiate into hair follicle-like structures as well as glandular structures, it is feasible to use these cells as seed cells in studies to fabricate dermal equivalents that have the potential to develop dermal appendages.