Follow-up in Dry-Form (Non-Neovascular) Age Related Macular Degeneration and Change to Wet Type

Abstract

In early and mid-term period of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular drusens and pigmentary changes are seen. Neovascularization and/or atrophy are seen in late term. RPE and photoreceptor loss in the macular area causes retinal atrophy or geographic atrophy (GA). About 20% of legal blindness is due to GA. This condition develops slowly according to foveal avascular zone involvement over the years. Progression of AMD is variable according to genetic factors, age and clinical features of macular lesions. Large, central located and in large number of drusens are risks for progression of AMD in end stage period. In general, about 10% of dry-type AMD patients show progression to wet type (neovascular) AMD. In AMD, measuring of the atrophy with imaging methods, is used to better determine its properties and to monitoring the progression. So it is recommended to take images at regular intervals. It is necessary to educate AMD patients and their families about these disease, risk factors and prevention. It is suggested to make regular consultation according to phase symptoms of AMD patients (use Amsler grid test and monitor visual acuity). Antioxidant vitamin and mineral support usage also recommended.