Folic acid supplementation improved nicotine withdrawal-induced of memory loss via affecting oxidative status, inflammatory response, cholinergic activity, BDNF and amyloid-B in adolescent male rat

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study aimed to assess whether folic acid (FA) have potential to prevent memory impairment caused by nicotine (Nico) withdrawal in adolescent male rats. Methods and materialsThe experiments were divided into 7 groups: 1) vehicle, 2) Nico (Nico 2 mg/kg injection from 21 to 42 days of ages), 3–5) Nico FA5/10/15 mg/kg (received Nico from 21 to 42 days of ages and received FA at three doses 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg 43–63 days of ages), and 6) received normal saline from 21 to 42 days of age after that received FA 15 mg/kg by oral gavage from 43 to 63 days of age. At 64–69 days of ages, behavioral tests related to memory including Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Object Recognition Test (ORT) were performed and related biochemical analysis including the hippocampal levels of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nitrite, amyloid-B and acetylcholinesterase [1] were measured. ResultsResults showed that nicotine exposure in adolescence followed by withdrawal dramatically impaired learning and memory performance along with affecting a variety of biochemical markers in the hippocampal tissues. In addition, it was observed that administration of FA significantly ameliorated Nico withdrawal-induced adverse effects through restoration of the mentioned biochemical disturbances. ConclusionThe present study and other relevant researches demonstrated that FA as a well-known, inexpensive, and safe supplement has strong potential to either prevent or ameliorate the detrimental effect of Nico withdrawal. However, further investigation is required to be more elucidated the precise mechanisms underlying memory impairment-induced by Nico withdrawal.