Abstract
The design and operating principles of a focusing X-ray monochromator are described. Consistent with EXAFS applications, it allows rapid tuning while maintaining high energy resolution and a fixed focus at the sample. The basic instrument consists of two opposing two crystal monochromators with the second and third crystals operating as a dispersive monochromator. This provides the intrinsic resolution of the crystals independent of slit settings or source size effects. Focusing is achieved by a sagittally bent fourth crystal. To maintain a fixed focus, two options are available. In the first, the second crystal pair is translated while the radius of the fourth crystal is held fixed. Thus, the focus remains at the sample, even though the angle of incidence on the bent crystal is changing. In the second option, the radius of the bent crystal is changed dynamically as the scan is carried out. These techniques are compared and a crystal bender designed for rapid tuning is described.
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