Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumors in females. Although the conventional treatment has demonstrated a certain effect, some limitations still exist. The Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Cdc42 (Cell division control protein 42 homolog) is often upregulated by some cell surface receptors and oncogenes in breast cancer. Cdc42 switches from inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound to active GTP-bound though guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs), results in activation of signaling cascades that regulate various cellular processes such as cytoskeletal changes, proliferation and polarity establishment. Targeting Cdc42 also provides a strategy for precise breast cancer therapy. In addition, Cdc42 is a potential target for several types of non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and lncRNAs. These non-coding RNAs is extensively involved in Cdc42-induced tumor processes, while many of them are aberrantly expressed. Here, we focus on the role of Cdc42 in cell morphogenesis, proliferation, motility, angiogenesis and survival, introduce the Cdc42-targeted non-coding RNAs, as well as present current development of effective Cdc42-targeted inhibitors in breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer, by far the most common form of malignant tumor in females, has resulted in a steady increase in morbidity in recent decades
Substantial evidence indicates an important role for Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Cdc42 (Cell division control protein 42 homolog), a highly conservative protein, in the progression of breast cancer
This review focuses on some important aspects of breast cancer processes and discusses the association between Rho GTPase, Cdc42 and breast cancer
Summary
By far the most common form of malignant tumor in females, has resulted in a steady increase in morbidity in recent decades. Relapse of breast cancer becomes the leading cause of death and develops in metastatic niches in bone, lung, brain, liver and other tissues through lymphatic and hematogenous vessels. Breast cancer develops through a complicated cascade involving tumorigenesis, increased motility, cell survival and colonization. Interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment are required for tumor progression. Substantial evidence indicates an important role for Rho GTPase Cdc (Cell division control protein 42 homolog), a highly conservative protein, in the progression of breast cancer. Cdc deregulation is reflected in many aspects of breast cancer processes where its role seems to be highly context dependent
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
