Abstract
In this review, we draw attention to the roles of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) in the trophicity of the peripheral nervous system. Calcitriol has long been known to be crucial in phosphocalcium homeostasis. However, recent discoveries concerning its involvement in the immune system, anti-cancer defenses, and central nervous system development suggest a more pleiotropic role than previously thought. Several studies have highlighted the impact of calcitriol deficiency as a promoting factor of various central neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Based on these findings and recent publications, a greater role for calcitriol may be envisioned in the peripheral nervous system. Indeed, calcitriol is involved in myelination, axonal homogeneity of peripheral nerves, and neuronal-cell differentiation. This may have useful clinical consequences, as calcitriol supplementation may be a simple means to avoid the onset and/or development of peripheral nervous-system disorders.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Elena Gonzalez-Rey, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), Spain A
Recent results have highlighted the role of this hormone in other functions (Garabédian, 2000; Christakos et al, 2016), which include the regulation of tissue proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as regulation of the cardiovascular and immune systems
It is well known to regulate the expression of numerous target genes through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which belongs to a common family of steroid receptors that includes steroid, glucocorticoid, and retinoic acid receptors (Kalueff and Tuohimaa, 2007)
Summary
Vitamin D3 supplementation Vitamin D3 + progesterone supplementation Vitamin D3 supplementation. Human renal carcinoma cells H9c2 rat embryonic myocardium cells Follicle dermal papilla cells. Vitamin D3 supplementation + peripheral nerve trauma Vitamin D3 supplementation + Peripheral nerve trauma Vitamin D3 pre and post natal deficiency VDR (KO). Alzheimer’s disease Multiple sclerosis Diabetic neuropathy y.o., years old. Experimental (randomized, Vitamin D3 supplementation double-blind, placebo-controlled). Experimental (phase II, multicenter, Vitamin D3 supplementation randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled)
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