FMCPR: Flexible Multiparameter-Based Channel Prediction and Ranking for CR-Enabled Massive IoT

Abstract

The cognitive radio-enabled <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$massive$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Internet of Things (CR- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> IoT) is envisioned to shape the future of densely connected IoT devices in the sixth-generation networks to support the hyperconnected society. In conventional CR networks, secondary users (SUs) sense the whole block of spectrum to find idle channels, which is an energy-consuming, delay-inducing, and processing-intensive task. With the large scale of resource-constrained heterogeneous devices in CR- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> IoT, the sensing process becomes a major hurdle for CR- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> IoT devices to achieve efficient utilization of the limited device and network resources. Thus, a novel multiparameter-based flexible scheme is proposed for idle channel prediction and channel ranking, which considers priorities as well as heterogeneity of users. The scheme uses a probabilistic approach and employs multiple parameters simultaneously to evaluate the suitability of a channel before selecting it for transmission. In addition, valid channel obsolescence, a major problem inherent with channel prediction and ranking, is countered by the proposed scheme. The scheme is evaluated under the impact of variable primary and SUs’ arrivals and under multiple channel failures rates and variable sensing and frame time duration. The proposed scheme is also compared with its own modified version that disregards channel failures, and with the random channel selection approach followed by IEEE 802.22. The overall evaluation is conducted under realistic spectrum sensing. Simulation results show that for different parameter values, the proposed scheme improves the collision probability by 11%–55%, reduces sensing time and energy by 60% and 65%, respectively, and enhances throughput by 4%–70%, and spectrum utilization efficiency by 11%–40%.