Abstract
The potential of fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis for a wide variety of applications in the field of optical materials is reviewed. Based on the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis of nanometal fluorides, sols of complex fluorometalates have become available that exhibit superior optical properties over known classical binary metal fluorides as, for instance, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, or strontium fluoride, respectively. The synthesis of transparent sols of magnesium fluoroaluminates of the general composition MgxAlFy, and fluoroperovskites, [K1−xNax]MgF3, is reported. Antireflective coatings fabricated from MgF2, CaF2, MgxAlFy, and [K1−xNax]MgF3 sols and their relevant properties are comprehensively described. Especially the heavier alkaline earth metal fluorides and the fluorperovskites crystallizing in a cubic crystal structure are excellent hosts for rare earth (RE) metals. Thus, the second chapter reflects the synthesis approach and the properties of luminescent systems based on RE-doped alkaline earth metal fluorides and [K1−xNax]MgF3 phases.
Highlights
Nanomaterials chemistry has become an extremely important area of research over the past 40 years. numerous nanomaterials have already accessed applications in several areas, the new scientific and industrial revolution driven by the advances in nanomaterials science is still at the beginning.Over the past decades, many new synthesis techniques have been explored, giving access to the fascinating world of nanomaterials with exciting chemical and physical properties
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This article has focused on the potential arising from the recently developed fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis, which gives direct access to homidispersed nanoscopic metal fluoride materials
Summary
Nanomaterials chemistry has become an extremely important area of research over the past 40 years. New non-aqueous sol–gel approaches like ALD (atomic layer deposition) have recently been explored, which allow either the synthesis of novel materials, or in many cases, give access to applications which are not at all possible via hydrolytic sol–gel routes. Metal fluorides are transparent for hard UV irradiation, and for longer wave numbers in the IR region Due to their low refractive indices, several metal fluorides are extremely interesting candidates to be used as antireflective (AR) materials for coating, e.g., glass windows, screens made of PMMA or polycarbonate, eye glasses. Note, for this kind of application, it is the refractive index that is important, and solubility, stability against water, melting point (temperature stability), or hardness (scratch resistance).
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