Fluoro-Crown Ether Phosphate as Efficient Cell-Permeable Drug Carrier by Disrupting Hydration Layer.

Abstract

Fast and direct permeation of drug molecules is crucial for effective biotherapeutics. Inspired by a recent finding that fluorous compounds disrupt the hydrogen-bonded network of water, we developed fluoro-crown ether phosphate CyclicFP-X. This compound acts as a fast cell-permeating agent, enabling direct delivery of various bioactive cargos (X) into cancer cells without endocytic entrapment. In contrast, its nonfluorinated cyclic analog (CyclicP-X) failed to achieve cellular internalization. Although the acyclic fluorous analog AcyclicFP-X was internalized, this process occurred slowly owing to the involvement of an endocytic trapping pathway. Designed with a high fluorine density, CyclicFP-X exhibits compactness, polarity, and high-water solubility, facilitating lipid vesicle fusion by disrupting their hydration layers. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the generation of dangling -OH bonds upon addition of CyclicFP-OH to water. Furthermore, conjugating CyclicFP-X with fluorouracil (FU, an anticancer drug) via a reductively cleavable disulfide linker (CyclicFP-SS-FU) demonstrated the general utility of fluoro-crown ether phosphate as a potent carrier for biotherapeutics.