Abstract
Fluorescent chemosensors for ions and neutral analytes have been widely applied in many diverse fields such as biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental sciences. The field of fluorescent chemosensors has been in existence for about 150 years. In this time, a large range of fluorescent chemosensors have been established for the detection of biologically and/or environmentally important species. Despite the progress made in this field, several problems and challenges still exist. This tutorial review introduces the history and provides a general overview of the development in the research of fluorescent sensors, often referred to as chemosensors. This will be achieved by highlighting some pioneering and representative works from about 40 groups in the world that have made substantial contributions to this field. The basic principles involved in the design of chemosensors for specific analytes, problems and challenges in the field as well as possible future research directions are covered. The application of chemosensors in various established and emerging biotechnologies, is very bright.
Highlights
The photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process is inhibited at acidic pH and results in a fluorescence enhancement. 10 can be used for quantitative measurement of pH in mitochondria and realtime monitoring of mitophagy in cells. These results indicate that 10 has significant potential to be applied in biological systems, and how simple structural modifications of an established PET pH-sensor can open up new routes towards emerging biotechnologies
In contrast to the above-described fluorescent chemosensors for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, which are all based on coordination interaction, some chemical reaction based fluorescent chemosensors for transition metal ions have been developed since these metal ions can trigger specific reactions
We have witnessed the explosive development of the field of fluorescent chemosensors over the past 50 years
Summary
His research interests include investigations of fluorescent chemosensors, molecular recognition, and new organic functional materials He has published over 280 SCI research papers with h-index of 82. A few reviews have taken a step back and carried out an overview of progress of this field.[6,7] This review summarizes progress in the development of fluorescent chemosensors over the last 50 years and introduces representative chemosensors for the detection of cations, anions, small neutral molecules as well as biomacromolecules. It contains the design principle, working mechanism and biological application of the corresponding chemosensors. We will end the review with a discussion of the future research directions and opportunities available for fluorescent chemosensors given that they are well-established research tools
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