Abstract
Significant efforts have been devoted to developing new dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Fluoranthene is one typical cyclopentene-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a rigid planarized structure, and thus could be an ideal building block to construct dopant-free HTMs, which have not been reported yet. Here, we report a new and simple synthetic method to prepare unreported 2,3-dicyano-fluoranthene through a Diels-Alder reaction between dibenzofulvene and tetracyanoethylene, and demonstrate that it can serve as an efficient electron-withdrawing unit for constructing donor-acceptor (D-A) type HTMs. This novel building block not only endows the resulting molecules with suitable energy levels, but also enables highly ordered and strong molecular packing in solid states, both of which could facilitate hole extraction and transport. Thus with dopant-free HTMs, impressive efficiencies of 18.03% and 17.01% which are associated with enhanced stability can be achieved based on conventional n-i-p and inverted p-i-n PVSCs respectively, outperforming most organic dopant-free HTMs reported so far.
Highlights
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have triggered worldwide attention due to their impressive research progress within a short time and their very promising market prospects.[1,2,3,4,5] Recently, the record-high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVSCs has reached the certi ed value of 22%, almost rivaling that of the crystalline silicon based photovoltaics.[6]
For hole transporting materials (HTMs) applied in PVSCs, organic semiconductors are more popular over their inorganic counterparts which is aKey Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P
The synthetic route of the HTMs is shown in Scheme 1, while the details are provided in the Experimental section in the Electronic supplementary information (ESI).† First, we prepared uoranthene-cored BTF1–2 via a simple Buchwald–Hartwig coupling reaction between the readily accessible 3,8-dibromo- uoranthene (2)[41] and diphenylamine units (3–4)
Summary
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have triggered worldwide attention due to their impressive research progress within a short time and their very promising market prospects.[1,2,3,4,5] Recently, the record-high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVSCs has reached the certi ed value of 22%, almost rivaling that of the crystalline silicon based photovoltaics.[6]. We report a new and simple synthetic method to prepare unreported 2,3-dicyano-fluoranthene through a Diels–Alder reaction between dibenzofulvene and tetracyanoethylene, and demonstrate that it can serve as an efficient electronwithdrawing unit for constructing donor–acceptor (D–A) type HTMs. This novel building block endows the resulting molecules with suitable energy levels, and enables highly ordered and strong molecular packing in solid states, both of which could facilitate hole extraction and transport.
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