Fluid mixtures at high pressures IV. Isothermal phase equilibria in binary mixtures consisting of (methanol + hydrogen or nitrogen or methane or carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide)

Methane hydrate exists in huge amounts in certain locations, in sea sediments and the geological structures below them, at low temperature and high pressure. Production methods are in development to produce the methane to a floating platform. There it can be reformed to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide, in an endothermic process. Some of the methane can be burned to provide heat energy to develop all needed power on the platform and to support the reforming process. After separation, the hydrogen is the valuable and transportable product. All carbon dioxide produced on the platform can be separated from other gases and then sequestered in the sea as carbon dioxide hydrate. In this way, hydrogen is made available without the release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and the hydrogen could be an enabling step toward a world hydrogen economy.

Fluid mixtures at high pressures VIII. Isothermal phase equilibria in the binary mixtures: (ethanol + hydrogen or methane or ethane)

High-pressure fluid-phase equilibria: Experimental methods, developments and systems investigated (2013–2016)

Alcohol Production from Carbon Dioxide: Methanol as a Fuel and Chemical Feedstock

High-pressure phase equilibria and densities of the binary mixtures carbon dioxide—oleic acid, carbon dioxide—methyl myristate, and carbon dioxide—methyl palmitate and of the ternary mixture carbon dioxide—methyl myristate—methyl palmitate

Inorganic Compounds of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen

Selective CO adsorption using sulfur-doped Ni supported by petroleum-based activated carbon

Formation of carbon oxides during tobacco combustion: Pyrolysis studies in the presence of isotopic gases to elucidate reaction sequence

Methanol synthesis from hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide over a CuO/ZnO/Al 2O 3 catalyst : I. Steady-state kinetics experiments

The closed-loop liquid−liquid fluid phase equilibria of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) binary mixtures are studied using the statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable range (SAFT-VR). A molecular model of the mixture is developed which takes into account the delicate balance between the water−water, water−PEG, and PEG−PEG hydrogen-bonding interactions as well as the usual repulsive and attractive/dispersive contributions. A fully transferable intermolecular potential model is proposed which allows one to study any aqueous PEG system with the molecular weight of the polymer as sole input. An excellent predictive description of the liquid−liquid phase behavior of these systems is achieved; mixtures involving shorter polymers are used to determine the binary (unlike) interaction parameters, and we are then able to predict the phase behavior of mixtures of larger molecular weight in good agreement with experimental data. The high-pressure (GPa) phase behavior of the liquid−liquid phase equilibria in these systems is also studied. The region of closed-loop immiscibility is seen to become less extensive with an initial increase in pressure. For intermediate molecular weights (2000 ≲ MW ≲ 100 000 g/mol) of the polymer the liquid phase becomes homogeneous when the pressure is increased beyond a high enough threshold, and at even higher pressures a second region of liquid−liquid separation is observed. In the case of high molecular weight polymers (MW ≳ 100 000 g/mol) the fluid phase behavior is characterized by an hourglass-shaped region of immiscibility with liquid−liquid separation persisting for all pressures considered. The dome-shaped regions of liquid−liquid immiscibility predicted for aqueous solutions of PEG of intermediate molecular weight (2000 ≲ MW ≲ 75 000 g/mol) are reminiscent of the pressure−temperature denaturation boundaries found in protein systems which are thought to be governed by a corresponding increase in water solubility into the hydrophobic core.

Breakdown potentials of hydrogen, methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and carbon dioxide were measured at room and at elevated temperatures, and oxygen at 296 °K, using mild steel cylindrical electrodes. The gas pressure was varied over a range of almost four orders of magnitude, and the temperature of both the gas and the metal electrodes from 294-468 °K. Two discharge tubes, having different electrode diameters but the same material composition, were employed. The breakdown potential values at constant gas density, and for positive and negative wire (inner electrode), were found to be independent of gas temperature over the whole of the pressure and temperature ranges covered. It has been found that, with the exception of nitrogen, the similarity theorem is obeyed in the gases studied. This theorem was found to hold for positive as well as negative wire breakdown over a very wide range of gas pressure. The total electron yield due to secondary ionization processes was evaluated over a wide range of E/po values. The value of the total secondary ionization coefficient varied over a range of seven orders of magnitude, depending on the nature of the gas and the ion energy. The total secondary ionization coefficient was found to be independent of target and gas temperature in the gases studied, over the range 294-468 °K.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Reformed fuel from hydrocarbons or alcohol mainly consists of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The composition of the reformed fuel can be varied to some extent with a combination of a thermal decomposition reaction and a water gas shift reaction. Methanol is known to decompose at a relatively low temperature. An application of the methanol reforming system to an internal combustion engine enables an exhaust heat recovery to increase the heating value of the reformed fuel. This research analyzed characteristics of combustion, exhaust emissions and cooling loss in an internal combustion engine fueled with several composition of model gases for methanol reformed fuels which consist of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Experiments were made with both a bottom view type optical access single cylinder research engine and a constant volume combustion chamber.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The thermal decomposition reaction produces 1mol of carbon monoxide and 2mol of hydrogen from 1mol of methanol, and the water gas shift reaction produces the same amount of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide and water. Therefore, an increase in hydrogen means an increase in carbon dioxide, an inert gas with large heat capacity, and a decrease in the heating value of the fuel. This research cleared a balance of the combustion promotion by the increased hydrogen and the demerit by the increased heat capacity of mixture due to the increased carbon dioxide. The highest overall thermal efficiency including the exhaust heat recovery is obtained in the combustion of the methanol-reformed fuel with just the thermal decomposition reaction, which consists of 33% of hydrogen and 67% of carbon monoxide.</div>

An extension of the Peng–Robinson equation of state for the correlation and prediction of high-pressure phase equilibrium in systems containing supercritical carbon dioxide and a salt

Annual hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations and surface to air exchanges in a rural area (Québec, Canada)

High-pressure fluid phase equilibria: Experimental methods and systems investigated (1994–1999)