Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the terminal stage of most chronic liver conditions, with a high risk of mortality. Careful evaluation of the prognosis of cirrhotic patients and providing precise management are crucial to reduce the risk of mortality. Although the liver biopsy and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) can efficiently evaluate the prognosis of cirrhotic patients, their application is limited due to the invasion procedures. Child-Pugh score and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score had been widely used in the assessment of cirrhotic prognosis, but the defects of subjective variable application in Child-Pugh score and unsuitability to all phases of liver cirrhosis in MELD score limit their prognostic values. In recent years, continuous efforts have been made to investigate the prognostic value of body fluid biomarkers for cirrhotic patients, and promising results have been reported. Since the collection of fluid specimens is easy, noninvasive, and repeatable, fluid biomarkers can be ideal indicators to predict the prognosis of cirrhosis. Here, we reviewed noninvasive fluid biomarkers in different prognostic functions, including the prediction of survival and complication development.
Highlights
Advanced liver cirrhosis (LC) is a life-threatening disorder with limited treatment options [1]
The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is more reproducible and accurate than Child-Pugh score in terms of the prediction of prognosis of LC, it is established in candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS); it is more suitable for end-stage patients [9]. erefore, simple, reproducible, and noninvasive indicators are required to predict the prognosis of different types of LC patients
Yamasaki et al [59] enrolled 707 hepatitis C patients including 120 cases of LC and followed up for 20 years, and the results showed that the patients with the serum levels of WFA+M2BP 1-4 and ≥4 at admission presented higher risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with WFA+-M2BP
Summary
Advanced liver cirrhosis (LC) is a life-threatening disorder with limited treatment options [1]. Child-Pugh and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores are currently noninvasive methods to predict the prognosis of LC. The MELD score is more reproducible and accurate than Child-Pugh score in terms of the prediction of prognosis of LC, it is established in candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS); it is more suitable for end-stage patients [9]. Erefore, simple, reproducible, and noninvasive indicators are required to predict the prognosis of different types of LC patients. Fluid biomarkers are ideal for predicting LC prognosis since they can be obtained by a simple, noninvasive, and reproducible way. Lots of efforts have been made to explore the prognostic value of fluid biomarkers in different stages of LC. We summarized and discussed these biomarkers based on their own different prognostic value
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