Abstract
Florida produces 35% of the spring potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop in the USA, but plant-parasitic nematodes suppress yield in the region. The stubby-root nematodes, Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) spp. and Trichodorus spp., vectors for corky ringspot disease, and sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) are among the most damaging nematodes in Florida potato production. Nematicide application is an important component of nematode management in this system, but relatively few nematicides are currently available. Therefore, pre-plant applications of fluensulfone nematicide at various rates (3, 4, 6, and 8 l/ha) and the commercial standard fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) were tested for management of plant-parasitic nematodes in three field trials from 2016 to 2018. Both fluensulfone, at all rates, and 1,3-D consistently decreased sting nematode abundance relative to the untreated control at harvest. Neither fluensulfone nor 1,3-D affected stubby-root nematode abundances at harvest. Efficacy of fluensulfone and 1,3-D for lesion nematode (Pratylenchus sp.) management varied by year. In 2016 and 2018, fluensulfone at most rates and 1,3-D increased marketable potato yield relative to the untreated control with increases by 49 to 66% and 33 to 55% in 2016 and 2018, respectively. In 2017, fluensulfone at lower rates (3, 4, and 6 l/ha) increased marketable potato yield relative to the untreated control by 41 to 61%, but fluensulfone at 8 l/ha and 1,3-D had similar yields to the untreated control. Results suggest that nematicidal activity of fluensulfone and 1,3-D varies by target nematode with both products effective against sting nematode, ineffective against stubby-root nematodes, and inconsistent against lesion nematode. In conclusion, fluensulfone and 1,3-D are effective options for sting nematode management in Florida potato production.
Highlights
Longicaudatus) and the stubby-root nematodes, Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) spp. and Trichodorus spp., are the most problematic (Perez et al, 2000; Crow et al, 2000b)
In all three years, sting nematode abundance at harvest were significantly greater in the untreated control than any of the 1,3-D or fluensulfone treatments
In 2017 and 2018, at harvest there were no significant differences in sting nematode abundance among fluensulfone rates or the 1,3-D treatment (Fig. 1)
Summary
Longicaudatus) and the stubby-root nematodes, Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) spp. and Trichodorus spp., are the most problematic (Perez et al, 2000; Crow et al, 2000b). Oxamyl and aldicarb have been important products for control of stubby-root nematodes and CRS as they have provided good control of these pathogens; often better control than fumigants (Weingartner and Shumaker, 1990a, 1990b; Weingartner et al, 1993) This has left growers reliant on a limited number of nematicides, the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), or a combination of 1,3-D and ethoprop when CRS is present. There is little published research on the efficacy of fluensulfone against other nematodes and no previous reports on fluensulfone efficacy against sting or stubby-root nematodes in potato production to our knowledge Based on these needs, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of fluensulfone at various rates and the fumigant 1,3-D for (i) management of plant-parasitic nematodes and (ii) potato yield response in Florida potato production
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